Active Transport

• What is active transport?

  Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient
• How does active transport differ from diffusion?

  Active transport requires energy, diffusion does not
• What analogy is used to describe diffusion?

  Water flowing downhill
• What is the direction of movement in active transport?

  From lower concentration to higher concentration
• What type of proteins are required for active transport?

  Special proteins in the cell membrane
• Where does the energy for active transport come from?

  Cellular respiration in mitochondria
• What molecule stores energy for the cell?

  ATP
• How is active transport defined?

  Movement across a membrane requiring energy
• Why do plants need to absorb water and mineral ions?

  To survive and grow
• What are root hair cells adapted for?

  Absorbing water and mineral ions
• How do root hair cells increase absorption efficiency?

  By having long hair-like protrusions
• Why can't plants absorb minerals by diffusion?

  Minerals are at higher concentration inside cells
• What is the role of mitochondria in root hair cells?

  To provide energy for active transport
• What are the adaptations of root hair cells for absorption?

  • Long hair-like protrusions for large surface area
  • Numerous mitochondria for energy production
• What is the process that provides energy for active transport?

  Cellular respiration
• What do root hair cells absorb from the soil?

  Water and mineral ions
• How does the analogy of water moving uphill relate to active transport?

  It illustrates the need for energy input
• What minerals do plants need for chlorophyll production?

  Magnesium
• What do plants need nitrates for?

  To produce proteins
• What happens to glucose during cellular respiration?

  It is broken down to release energy
• What is the main function of ATP in cells?

  To act as an energy carrier
• How do root hair cells contribute to plant survival?

  By absorbing essential nutrients and water
• How does the structure of root hair cells support their function?

  Long protrusions increase surface area for absorption