What are stem cells?

• What are stem cells?

  Cells that can divide and differentiate
• What are the two key features of stem cells?

  They divide by mitosis and differentiate
• How do stem cells divide?

  By mitosis to form more cells
• What can stem cells differentiate into?

  Specialized cells like nerve or skin cells
• What is formed when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell?

  A zygote
• What are embryonic stem cells capable of?

  They can differentiate into any cell type
• How do embryonic stem cells differ from adult stem cells?

  Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any type
• Where are adult stem cells found?

  In bone marrow and other specialized areas
• What types of cells can adult stem cells differentiate into?

  Different types of blood cells
• What is the role of adult stem cells?

  To replace damaged cells in the body
• Where are plant stem cells located?

  In meristem tissue of plants
• What do plant stem cells differentiate into?

  All cells and tissues the plant needs
• How do plant stem cells differ from embryonic stem cells?

  Plant stem cells persist throughout the plant's life
• What are the main functions of stem cells in animals and plants?

  • Animals:
  • Divide by mitosis
  • Differentiate into specialized cells
  • Replace damaged cells
  • Plants:
  • Found in meristem tissue
  • Differentiate into all necessary plant cells
• What is the process of human development starting from a zygote?

  1. Zygote forms from fertilization
  2. Divides by mitosis to form an embryo
  3. Embryonic stem cells differentiate into various cell types
  4. Develops into a baby over nine months
• What are the differences between embryonic and adult stem cells?

  • Embryonic stem cells:
  • Can differentiate into any cell type
  • Present in early development
  • Adult stem cells:
  • Limited differentiation (specific cell types)
  • Found in mature tissues like bone marrow