Globalisation, Modernity + Postmodernity

• What is the basis of modern society according to postmodernism?

  Development through science and rationality
• What do postmodernists believe about truth?

  There is no one truth
• What did Kuhn's paradigm shifts suggest about science?

  Science is not objective as it is disproved
• How do postmodernists view beliefs about the world?

  All beliefs are equally valid
• What term describes relationships formed through individual choice?

  Individualistic relationships
• What does Giddens mean by 'pure relationships'?

  Relationships based on emotional and personal choice
• What societal changes are indicated by divorce rates and cohabitation?

  Diverse family structures and beliefs
• What does 'dysnification' refer to in the context of technology?

  Religious beliefs commodified as products
• When did modernity begin?

  Late 18th century
• What are the key features of modernity?

  Nation state, capitalism, rationality, individualism
• How did capitalism change during modernity?

  Industrialization led to increased wealth for owners
• What role did science play during the enlightenment period?

  Replaced religion as the provider of truth
• What is globalization?

  Increasing interconnectedness of the world
• When did globalization start?

  In the 1980s
• What major invention drove globalization?

  The internet
• How has the economy changed due to globalization?

  It has become electronic and constantly active
• What do postmodernists believe about scientific knowledge?

  It is no longer the truth for society
• What is hyper-reality according to postmodernists?

  Nothing is 'real' in the cultural context
• How has identity changed in postmodern society?

  Defined by lifestyle choices from media
• What is Baudrillard's concept of simulacra?

  Societies are based on buying knowledge and images
• What do language games refer to in postmodernism?

  Different ways of seeing the world
• What do postmodernists argue about meta-narratives?

  They no longer hold a monopoly on truth
• What is a criticism of postmodernism from Marxists?

  It ignores power and inequality in society
• What do Philo and Miller argue about media images?

  They are connected to ruling class domination
• What is the effect of poverty on identity construction?

  Poverty restricts opportunities for identity construction
• What is the moral issue with claiming all views are equally true?

  It undermines historical truths like the Holocaust
• What do theories of late modernity argue about current changes?

  They are a continuation of modernity itself
• What is Giddens' concept of reflexivity?

  Constantly re-evaluating ideas and theories
• What does disembedding refer to?

  Breaking down geographical barriers in interaction
• How does reflexivity affect individualism in high modern society?

  It forces individuals to monitor their actions
• What are the high consequence risks in late modernity?

  Military and economic risks from human actions
• What is Giddens' view on intervention in society?

  We can make rational plans to improve society
• What does Beck mean by 'risk society'?

  Society faces manufactured risks from human activities
• How does Beck view the role of reason in society?

  It can create a better world despite risks
• What is reflexive modernization?

  Constantly evaluating risks of actions
• What is 'risk consciousness' in late modern culture?

  Awareness of perceived risks in actions
• How do postmodernists view the enlightenment project?

  They reject the possibility of progress through rationality
• What is Beck's stance on political action regarding risks?

  We can evaluate risks and take political action
• What do late modernity theories suggest about social movements?

  They can form a 'rainbow alliance' for change
• How do Marxist theories of postmodernity differ from postmodernists?

  They retain faith in Marxist theory for change