WQ2 Preparation

• What does pedigree analysis show?

  Relationships of parents and children
• What does a shaded shape in a pedigree represent?

  It expresses a trait
• When is a trait expressed as recessive?

  In the absence of a dominant allele
• What type of trait is discussed in pedigree analysis?

  Autosomal trait
• What defines maternal twins?

  One fertilized egg splits into two
• Why do maternal twins pose a challenge in criminology?

  They share the exact same DNA profile
• How are fraternal twins formed?

  Two separate eggs fertilized by different sperm
• What is organismal diversity?

  Variety of species in an ecosystem
• What are stop codons?

  Marks the termination of translation
• What is the start codon?

  AUG
• Who is Charles Darwin?

  Father of Evolution
• What mechanism did Darwin propose for evolution?

  Natural Selection
• What ship did Darwin travel on?

  HMS Beagle
• What did Darwin observe during his trip?

  Organisms in South America and Galapagos
• What book did Darwin write?

  The Origin of the Species
• What is evolution?

  Process of descent from ancient organisms
• What is a scientific theory?

  A well-supported testable explanation
• What happens during natural selection?

  Best adapted organisms survive and reproduce
• What are the four steps of natural selection?

  Overproduction, Variation, Competition, Selection
• What does overproduction refer to in natural selection?

  Species produces more offspring than survive
• What is variation in natural selection?

  Unique combination of inherited traits
• What does competition refer to in natural selection?

  Individuals compete for limited resources
• What does selection mean in natural selection?

  Best traits survive and are passed on
• On what does natural selection act?

  Phenotype, not genotype
• What is natural selection?

  Environment determines favorable traits
• What is artificial selection?

  Humans select traits to breed organisms
• What is cladistics taxonomy?

  Classification based on common ancestry
• What is the mnemonic for cladistics taxonomy?

  Dear King Philip Come Over For Good Spaghetti
• What is one evidence of evolution?

  The Fossil Record
• What are homologous structures?

  Same structures with different functions
• What are analogous structures?

  Different structures with the same function
• What is genetic drift?

  Random change in gene frequency
• What is the founder effect?

  Small group starts a new population
• What is the bottleneck effect?

  Large population reduced to a small one
• What is an example of the bottleneck effect?

  Cheetah population
• What is an example of the founder effect?

  Amish community
• What is an example of genetic drift?

  Rare flower color
• What are the four steps of natural selection?

  1. Overproduction
  2. Variation
  3. Competition
  4. Selection
• What are the differences between natural and artificial selection?

  • Natural Selection: Environment determines favorable traits
  • Artificial Selection: Humans select traits for breeding
• What are the types of evidence for evolution?

  • The Fossil Record
  • Geographic Distribution
  • Homologous and Analogous Structures