cognitive interviews

• What does ECI stand for in the context of eyewitness testimony?

  Enhanced Cognitive Interview
• What did Kohnken et al (1999) find about ECI?

  It provided more correct information than standard interviews
• What was the percentage increase in correct information found in Kohnken's study?

  81%
• What was the percentage of incorrect information found in Kohnken's study?

  61%
• What is a potential downside of ECI according to Kohnken's findings?

  It may cause more harm than good
• Why is the Cognitive Interview (CI) considered time-consuming?

  It requires extensive training and calming witnesses
• What did Kebell and Wagstaff (1996) state about CI interviews?

  Many are not conducted properly due to time
• What did Milne and Bull (2002) find about the elements of CI?

  Each element is equally valuable for recall
• What is the best combination of techniques for recall in CI?

  Report everything and reinstate the context
• What is the purpose of the Cognitive Interview (CI)?

  • To help eyewitnesses retrieve accurate memories
  • Involves four main techniques
• What are the four main techniques of the Cognitive Interview?

  1. Report everything
  2. Reinstate the context
  3. Reverse the order
  4. Change perspective
• What does the technique "Report everything" encourage witnesses to do?

  Include every detail, even if trivial
• What is the goal of the "Reinstate the context" technique?

  To help witnesses recall the original environment
• How does "Reverse the order" help in eyewitness testimony?

  It prevents reporting expectations of the event
• What is the purpose of the "Change perspective" technique?

  To disrupt the effect of schemas
• What additional elements did Fisher et al (1987) add to the Cognitive Interview?

  Focus on social dynamics and reducing anxiety
• What are some techniques to reduce witness anxiety in the Enhanced Cognitive Interview?

  • Minimize distractions
  • Use open-ended questions
  • Speak slowly
• What should you do to prepare for a role play based on the Cognitive Interview?

  Complete the "write your own" section