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Physics
Atomic structure
Radioactive decay and half life
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Created by
Chloe Smith
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Cards (21)
What are the two terms discussed in the video?
Activity
and
half-life
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What happens to unstable isotopes to become more stable?
They decay by emitting
radiation
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What do we call materials that emit radiation?
Radioactive
materials
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Why can't we predict when a single radioactive isotope will decay?
The decay process is completely
random
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What can we determine from a large sample of radioactive isotopes?
The
activity
and half-life of the sample
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How is activity measured?
In
becquerels
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What does one becquerel represent?
One decay per
second
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If a sample has an activity of 600 becquerels, how many isotopes decay each second?
600 isotopes
decay each second
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What is half-life defined as?
The time for
radioactive
nuclei or activity to halve
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If a sample has 1 million unstable nuclei, how many will remain after one half-life?
500,000
nuclei will remain
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How does the decay process affect the number of unstable particles over time?
The
number
of
unstable
particles
decreases
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What happens to the overall rate of decay as the number of unstable particles decreases?
The
overall
rate
of decay also
decreases
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Why does the decay graph appear curved rather than a straight line?
Because the
rate of decline
falls over time
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How do you calculate half-life from a decay graph?
Find the time for
activity
to halve
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What is the half-life of the sample in the example given?
Two
hours
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What device is used to measure activity in real life?
Geiger-Muller
tube
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What does a Geiger-Muller tube record?
Decays
that reach it each second
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If the half-life of a radioactive source is 40 hours, how many half-lives are in 120 hours?
Three
half-lives
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How many radioactive nuclei remain after three half-lives from 3 million?
375,000
nuclei remain
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What are the key concepts of activity and half-life in radioactive decay?
Activity: overall rate of decay
Measured in
becquerels
Half-life: time for
nuclei
or activity to
halve
Decay process is random
Fewer
unstable
particles lead to lower activity
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How do you determine the remaining radioactive nuclei after multiple half-lives?
Calculate total time in hours
Divide by
half-life
to find half-lives
Start with initial nuclei count
Halve the count for each half-life
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