year 9 alakali metals

• What are the group 1 elements known as?

  Alkali metals
• Which elements are included in alkali metals?

  Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium
• How do alkali metals differ from most other metals?

  They are soft with low densities and melting points
• What is the reactivity of alkali metals compared to other metals?

  They are much more reactive than other metals
• What happens to the reactivity of alkali metals as you go down the group?

  They become more reactive
• Why do alkali metals react vigorously with water?

  They lose their outer electron easily
• What can cesium do due to its reactivity?

  Ignite spontaneously at room temperature
• What trend is observed in melting and boiling points of alkali metals down the group?

  They decrease as you go down the group
• How does sodium in table salt relate to its reactivity?

  Sodium does not catch fire when sprinkled
• What is the reason alkali metals are reactive?

  They have one electron in the outer shell
• What happens when alkali metals lose their outer electron?

  They become one positive ions
• Why does reactivity increase as you go down the group?

  Atomic radius increases, weakening attraction
• What does the term reactivity refer to?

  How easily atoms lose or gain electrons
• What type of compounds do alkali metals typically form?

  Ionic compounds with non-metals
• What happens when sodium reacts with chlorine?

  It forms sodium chloride
• What do ionic compounds generally look like?

  They are white solids
• How do ionic compounds behave in water?

  They tend to dissolve and form colorless solutions
• What do alkali metals produce when reacting with water?

  A metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas
• What is the reaction of sodium with water?

  Sodium + water → sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
• What happens to the energy released in reactions as you go down the group?

  More energy is released in reactions
• What do alkali metals form when they react with chlorine gas?

  White metal chloride salts
• What do alkali metals form when they react with oxygen?

  Metal oxides
• What oxide does lithium form when reacting with oxygen?

  Lithium oxide (Li₂O)
• What oxide does sodium form when reacting with oxygen?

  Sodium oxide (Na₂O)
• What can potassium form when reacting with oxygen?

  Potassium peroxide or potassium superoxide
• What are the reactions of alkali metals with water, chlorine, and oxygen?

  • Water: Produces metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas
  • Chlorine: Forms white metal chloride salts
  • Oxygen: Forms metal oxides
• What are the properties of alkali metals?

  • Soft
  • Low density
  • Low melting points
  • Highly reactive
• What is the trend in reactivity and physical properties of alkali metals?

  • Reactivity increases down the group
  • Melting and boiling points decrease down the group
• How do alkali metals form ionic compounds?

  • Alkali metal donates an electron to a non-metal
  • Both achieve full outer shells
  • Form oppositely charged ions attracted by ionic bonds
• What is the general appearance of ionic compounds formed by alkali metals?

  • Generally white solids
  • Tend to dissolve in water
  • Form colorless solutions