Plant disease and defences

• What will be covered in the video?

  Plant diseases and their defenses
• What types of microorganisms can cause diseases in plants?

  Fungi, bacteria, and viruses
• What larger organisms can also cause diseases in plants?

  Insects
• What are deficiency diseases in plants?

  Diseases from lack of essential minerals
• Which essential minerals are mentioned as important for plants?

  Nitrates and magnesium ions
• Why are nitrates important for plants?

  They are needed for making proteins
• What happens to plants with insufficient nitrates?

  They often experience stunted growth
• What role do magnesium ions play in plants?

  They are needed for making chlorophyll
• What is chlorosis in plants?

  Yellowing of leaves due to magnesium deficiency
• What are some symptoms of diseased plants?

  Abnormal growths, lumps, and discoloration
• What might you see if a plant is infested with larger organisms?

  Visible organisms like aphids or spider mites
• How can you diagnose a plant disease?

  Match symptoms to a garden manual
• What can you do if matching symptoms fails to diagnose a plant disease?

  Send a sample to a plant pathologist
• What does a plant pathologist do?

  Specializes in diagnosing plant diseases
• What method can a plant pathologist use for detailed testing?

  Look at tissue samples under a microscope
• What are unique antigens used for in diagnosing plant diseases?

  To identify specific pathogens
• How can monoclonal antibodies help in plant disease diagnosis?

  They can detect specific pathogens
• What is a basic method for diagnosing plant diseases?

  Trial and error with treatments
• If a plant has yellow leaves, what could you try to fix it?

  Give it magnesium
• What are physical defenses in plants?

  Structures that prevent pathogen entry
• What is a waxy cuticle?

  A protective layer on leaves and stems
• What are chemical defenses in plants?

  Substances that plants secrete to deter pathogens
• What is an example of a plant-derived drug?

  Aspirin from willow trees
• What are mechanical defenses in plants?

  Structures that deter animals from feeding
• What are examples of mechanical defenses?

  Thorns and hairs on plants
• How do leaves respond to insect landings?

  They may curl or droop
• What are the three types of plant defenses against diseases?

  • Physical defenses
  • Chemical defenses
  • Mechanical defenses
• What are the symptoms of plant diseases?

  • Abnormal growths or lumps
  • Malformed stems or leaves
  • Patches of decay
  • Spots of discoloration