topic 1 external class differences

• private school statistic


  although private schools educate under 7 percent of britains children they account for 42 percent of all students entering elite universities
• external factors?


  factors outside the education system such as home background
• what did the centre of longtitudinal studies fine in 2007


  by the age of 3 children from disadvantaged backgrounds are already up to 1 yaer behind those from privileged homes
• whats cultural deprivation?


  failure in primary socialisation to learn attitudes and values to suceed in education system
• whats the working class subculture?

  cultural deprivation theorists believe large groups of the working class have different goals and values from the rest of socitey which is why there children fail at school
• What percentage of those eligible for free school meals do not accept them?

  20%
• How much less likely are debt adverse students to apply to university?

  Five times less likely
• according to sugarman why do working class children fail in the education system?

  working class have different goals and attitudes
• according to sugarman what are the four key features that act as a barrier to educational achievement?

  1. fatalism
  2. collectivism
  3. immediate gratification
  4. present time orientation
• whats fatalism?

  working class believe there is nothing to do to change status whilst middle class believe in working to change status
• whats collectivism?

  valuing being part of a group more than suceeding as an individual
• whats immediate gratification?

  seeking pleasure now rather tank making sacrifices to get rewards in the future
• whats present time orientation?

  seeing the present as the most important so not having any long term goals
• what type of sociologist is sugarman?

  cultural deprivation theorist
• according to sugarman what do working class parents do?

  pass on values through primary socialisation, which the children internalise resulting in educational underachievemnt
• whats an example of immediate gratification?

  leaving school early in order to start earning money
• what did fernstein find about middle class parents?

  more likley to be highly qualified and use language that challenges children and allows cognitive perfomance to improve
• what did fernstein find about working class parents?

  tend to use language in a way that only requires simple descriptive sentences which results in lower perfomance
• why did tronya and william critique fernstein?

  he problem its not with the child but with the school system. Teachers have a ‘speech hierarchy’ they label middle class speech highest and working class below
• what did burnstein identify?

  two types of speech code, one used by working class and one used by middle class
• whats the restricted code?

  typically used by working class grammatically simple sentences, descriptive not analytic, and context bound
• whats the elaborated code?

  typically used by middle class grammatically complex sentences, communicates abstract ideas and is not context bound.
• who criticised burnstein?

  Gaine and George 1999
• why do gain and george critcise burnstein?

  exaggerates and oversimplifies the differences between working class and middle class speech patterns
• what was Bull 1980 interested in ?

  impact of material deprivation on educational achievemnt
• whats the cost of free schooling?

  Cost of transport, uniform, and calculators put a heavy burden on working class families
• who came up with the idea of free schooling?

  Bull 1980
• what the impact of the cost of free schooling on children?

  children may miss out on trips and not have equipment that would enhance educational achievement, they may face stigmatisation having to wear hand me downs
• what may be a reason why 20% of those eligble for free school meals not accept?

  stigmatisation
• what does peter robinson argue?

  material inequlaities have the greatest effect on achievement and tackling child poverty would be the most effective way to boost achievement
• what does bourdiue belive about material and cultural factors?

  they are interreltaed in contributing to educational achievemnt
• what three types of capital did bourdieu identify?

  1. cultural
  2. educational
  3. economic capital
• whats cultural capital?

  knowledge attitudes and languages of the middle class taught during primary socialisation meaning they can express abstract ideas an grasp a better understanding of how to suceed in the education system
• why does cultural capital give middle class students an advantage?

  the education system is based off middle class values which rewards middle class values and interests with qualifications
• what does the educationa system do to working class culture?

  devalues it as being rough and inferior
• why do working class children fail according to bourdeiu?

  lack of cultural capital and the middle class centred value system of education means many pupils respond with truancy or dont try
• what did bourdieu believe about educational, econmic and cultural capital?

  they can be converted into one another
• whats an example of capital conversion?

  wealthier parents can convert economical capital into educational capital by sending children to private schools
• whats selection by mortgage?

  middle class parents can afford house in the catchment area of school which is highly placed in exam league tables. this incrases cost of houses near sucessful school and excluded working class