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personality - the psychoanalytical theories of personality
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Created by
Poppy Carney
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Cards (38)
What is psychoanalysis primarily concerned with?
Measuring
personality change
or difference
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What were the key developments in Freud's theory in the 1890s?
Meeting women with
physical
problems
Concluded physical issues can stem from
emotional
problems
Initially thought
hysteria
only affected women
Breuer's
treatment of a woman with hysteria
Catharsis
leading to therapy development
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What does Freud's theory attempt to explain about personality?
Influence of
childhood
,
unconscious
motives,
coping mechanisms
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What are the three forces that Freud states determine behaviors?
Childhood experiences,
unconscious motives
, urges
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What are the three levels of awareness according to Freud?
Conscious
, preconscious, unconscious
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What does the top level of awareness represent?
Awareness and
conscious
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What is the preconscious level?
Experiences
not currently thought of but retrievable
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What is found at the unconscious level?
Aggressive and sexual
drives
, not immediately aware
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How does the iceberg metaphor relate to Freud's theory?
Outward behavior results from the
unconscious mind
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What is a Freudian slip?
Accidental expression of
true desires
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How do dreams influence behavior according to Freud?
They reveal
true desires
and meanings
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What is manifest content in dreams?
What we remember and report from
dreams
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What is latent content in dreams?
The
hidden
meaning of the dream
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What do dream symbols represent in Freud's theory?
Manifest content interpreted into
latent desires
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What happens in nightmares according to Freud?
Repressed wishes
break through into dreams
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What is a criticism of Freud's theories?
They are hard to test
scientifically
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Why is Freud's theory considered deterministic?
Behavior is determined by the
unconscious mind
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What does dynamic mean in Freud's theory?
Behavior is fueled by
psychic energy
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What is cathexis?
Investment of
psychic energy
in focus
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What happens if psychic energy is not directed?
Tension builds up, impacting
psychological
function
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What are the three structures of personality in Freud's theory?
The
id
-
pleasure principle
The
ego
-
reality principle
The
superego
-
moral principle
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What does the id represent in Freud's theory?
Immediate
gratification
and psychological drives
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What is the role of the ego?
To mediate between
id
and
reality
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What does the superego represent?
Moral guardian
and
conscience
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How do the id and ego interact?
Ego organizes behavior between id and
superego
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What results from conflicts between personality parts?
Frustration
,
tension
, and
anxiety
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What can cause anxiety according to Freud?
Ego
fearing
id's
control or
superego's
guilt
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What are defense mechanisms in Freud's theory?
Unconscious
reactions protecting from unpleasant
emotions
Acceptable in moderation, harmful if excessive
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What is repression as a defense mechanism?
Forgetting things that cause
anxiety
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What is regression as a defense mechanism?
Returning to
immature
behavior patterns
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What is denial as a defense mechanism?
Refusing to accept
unpleasant
reality
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What is displacement as a defense mechanism?
Transferring
thoughts
to a less
threatening
object
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What is sublimation as a defense mechanism?
Channeling feelings into
socially beneficial
activities
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What is reaction formation as a defense mechanism?
Behaving opposite to
true feelings
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What is rationalization as a defense mechanism?
Justifying
unacceptable
behavior
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What is projection as a defense mechanism?
Attributing feelings to innocent
others
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What is fixation as a defense mechanism?
Getting stuck in an
immature
phase
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What is identification as a defense mechanism?
Identifying with powerful people for
self-esteem
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