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Inheritance,variation,evolution
Mitosis & Meiosis
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Alicia
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Cards (43)
Why do multicellular eukaryotic organisms need new cells?
For
growth
,
development
, and
repair
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What is the process through which cells are generated called?
The
cell cycle
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What are the three main stages of the cell cycle?
Growth,
DNA replication
, and
mitosis
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What happens during the first step of the cell cycle?
The cell grows and increases
subcellular
structures
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What occurs during DNA replication in the cell cycle?
The DNA is duplicated for
new cells
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How does DNA appear when a cell is not dividing?
It is
spread
out
in
long
strings
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What happens to DNA as a cell prepares for division?
It condenses into
chromosomes
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What do chromosomes contain?
A large number of
genes
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How many copies of each chromosome do eukaryotic cells have?
Two copies, one from each
parent
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How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
23
pairs
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Why can't animals of different species reproduce fertile offspring?
They have different numbers of
chromosomes
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What shape do duplicated chromosomes take?
An
X shape
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What does each half of the X-shaped chromosome represent?
A
duplicate
of the original chromosome
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What happens to the chromosomes during cell division?
They line up along the
center
of the cell
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What pulls the arms of the chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell?
Fibers
from either side of the cell
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What is the result of the chromosome separation?
Each side has half of the
chromosomes
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What is cytokinesis?
The division of the
cell membrane
and cytoplasm
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What do the resulting daughter cells contribute to?
Growth
,
development
, or
repair
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What happens to the daughter cells after division?
They undergo the
cell cycle
again
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What process forms gametes in sexual reproduction?
Meiosis
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What are gametes also known as?
Sex cells
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How much genetic material do gametes contain?
Half
the genetic material
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What do we call cells that contain half the genetic material?
Haploid
cells
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What happens when two gametes combine?
They form a normal
diploid
cell
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What is the genetic composition of a diploid cell?
Two
sets of
genetic information
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What is the first step in meiosis?
Replicate
all of the cell's DNA
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What shape do chromosomes take after DNA replication in meiosis?
X shape
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How many different types of chromosomes do humans have?
23
different types
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What are maternal chromosomes?
Chromosomes from the
mother
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What are paternal chromosomes?
Chromosomes from the
father
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How many individual chromosomes does each human cell have?
46
individual chromosomes
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What happens to chromosome pairs during meiosis?
They are randomly
distributed
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What is the result of the first division in meiosis?
Two cells with different
DNA
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What happens during the second division of meiosis?
Chromosomes
are pulled apart again
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How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
Four
cells
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Why are gametes genetically unique?
Due to tiny changes during
meiosis
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What do male gametes develop into?
Sperm cells
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What do female gametes develop into?
Egg
cells
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What happens during fertilization?
A
sperm
and
egg
fuse
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What type of cell is formed after fertilization?
A
diploid
cell
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