Mitosis & Meiosis

    Cards (43)

    • Why do multicellular eukaryotic organisms need new cells?
      For growth, development, and repair
    • What is the process through which cells are generated called?
      The cell cycle
    • What are the three main stages of the cell cycle?
      Growth, DNA replication, and mitosis
    • What happens during the first step of the cell cycle?
      The cell grows and increases subcellular structures
    • What occurs during DNA replication in the cell cycle?
      The DNA is duplicated for new cells
    • How does DNA appear when a cell is not dividing?
      It is spread out in long strings
    • What happens to DNA as a cell prepares for division?
      It condenses into chromosomes
    • What do chromosomes contain?
      A large number of genes
    • How many copies of each chromosome do eukaryotic cells have?
      Two copies, one from each parent
    • How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
      23 pairs
    • Why can't animals of different species reproduce fertile offspring?
      They have different numbers of chromosomes
    • What shape do duplicated chromosomes take?
      An X shape
    • What does each half of the X-shaped chromosome represent?
      A duplicate of the original chromosome
    • What happens to the chromosomes during cell division?
      They line up along the center of the cell
    • What pulls the arms of the chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell?
      Fibers from either side of the cell
    • What is the result of the chromosome separation?
      Each side has half of the chromosomes
    • What is cytokinesis?
      The division of the cell membrane and cytoplasm
    • What do the resulting daughter cells contribute to?
      Growth, development, or repair
    • What happens to the daughter cells after division?
      They undergo the cell cycle again
    • What process forms gametes in sexual reproduction?
      Meiosis
    • What are gametes also known as?
      Sex cells
    • How much genetic material do gametes contain?
      Half the genetic material
    • What do we call cells that contain half the genetic material?
      Haploid cells
    • What happens when two gametes combine?
      They form a normal diploid cell
    • What is the genetic composition of a diploid cell?
      Two sets of genetic information
    • What is the first step in meiosis?
      Replicate all of the cell's DNA
    • What shape do chromosomes take after DNA replication in meiosis?
      X shape
    • How many different types of chromosomes do humans have?
      23 different types
    • What are maternal chromosomes?
      Chromosomes from the mother
    • What are paternal chromosomes?
      Chromosomes from the father
    • How many individual chromosomes does each human cell have?
      46 individual chromosomes
    • What happens to chromosome pairs during meiosis?
      They are randomly distributed
    • What is the result of the first division in meiosis?
      Two cells with different DNA
    • What happens during the second division of meiosis?
      Chromosomes are pulled apart again
    • How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
      Four cells
    • Why are gametes genetically unique?
      Due to tiny changes during meiosis
    • What do male gametes develop into?
      Sperm cells
    • What do female gametes develop into?
      Egg cells
    • What happens during fertilization?
      A sperm and egg fuse
    • What type of cell is formed after fertilization?
      A diploid cell