history topic 4

• When did the major bombing campaign by the Allies begin?

  In 1942
• What was the code name for the RAF's first thousand bomber raid?

  Operation Millennium
• What was the focus of the bombing campaigns between 25 July and 3 August 1943?

  Industries, ports, and residential areas
• How many people died in the Hamburg raid?

  50,000
• How many people were killed in Dresden in 1945?

  150,000
• How did the morale of the German people change as the bombing raids continued?

  Morale reached a low and criticism increased
• What happened to children in Berlin after the bombing of Hamburg in 1943?

  Many were evacuated from cities
• What role did Hitler Youth play during the war?

  They manned anti-aircraft guns and searchlights
• What was the purpose of propaganda during the war?

  To ensure public support for the war
• What impact did evacuations and shortages have on the German people?

  They hit people hard
• How many people had been killed by 1945?

  Over 3 million
• How did support for the war change among the German people?

  Support started to decline
• What was the Nazis' response to criticism or signs of war weariness?

  They responded very harshly
• When did production begin to be affected by declining morale?

  In 1944
• What items were rationed at the start of the war?

  Meats, bread, fats, and sugar
• What was the aim of rationing introduced at the start of the war?

  To keep morale high and avoid shortages
• Who received more food allowance during rationing?

  Manual workers, pregnant women, blood donors
• How did Germany benefit from occupied countries during the war?

  By accessing their foodstuffs
• Who was Albert Speer?

  Minister for Armaments
• What happened to production after the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1942?

  The impact of rationing became more severe
• What food shortages did Germans experience during the war?

  Meat and fuel shortages
• What methods were used to increase vegetable production?

  Parks and gardens were utilized
• What was encouraged regarding diets during the war?

  Use of less popular ingredients and plainer diets
• What was the purpose of window displays during rationing?

  To give the impression food was plentiful
• What items were included in rationing besides food?

  Shoes, clothing, fuel, hot water
• What was promoted to cope with shortages?

  Recycling of clothing and household items
• What flourished due to shortages during the war?

  The black market
• How did the situation change regarding shortages from the beginning to the end of the war?

  Severe shortages developed by the end
• Why were women needed in the workforce during the war?

  Men had left to join the armed forces
• What did Goering announce in June 1941?

  Women without children must return to work
• How many extra women were sent to work in factories by Goering's announcement?

  130,000
• By June 1943, how many women had joined the industrial workforce?

  500,000
• What percentage of the workforce did women compose by 1945?

  60%
• How many women operated anti-aircraft guns by 1945?

  50,000
• How many women were in charge of searchlights by 1945?

  30,000
• How many women were members of the Auxiliary Corps by 1945?

  470,000
• What roles did women occupy within the armed forces?

  Secretarial work, radio, and front line
• Who else was used in the workforce besides women?

  Foreign workers and prisoners of war
• How did the Nazis' racial policies change when the war began?

  They opted for more drastic measures
• How many Jewish people came under Nazi control as Germany invaded more countries?

  More than 3 million