Part 1

• What is one crime trend in Scotland regarding sexual crimes?


  Sexual crimes are increasing.
• Why are historical sexual crimes being reported more frequently in Scotland?


  Because a new sexual crime of threatening or disclosing indecent images was created in 2017.
• By what percentage have sexual crimes increased since 2012 in Scotland?

  96%
• What is one crime trend in Scotland regarding overall crime rates?

  Overall crime rates have decreased since 2012.
• What does the decrease in overall crime rates suggest about crime prevention in Scotland?

  It suggests that we have gotten better at preventing crime, including crimes of damage and reckless behaviour.
• By what percentage have crime rates fallen since 2012 according to police statistics?

  14%
• Which group is more likely to be victims of crime in Scotland?

  Young people.
• Why are young people more likely to be victims of crime?

  Because they are surrounded by others their age who are the most likely to commit a crime.
• What percentage risk of crime did 16-24 year-olds experience according to the Scottish Crime and Justice survey in 2019-20?

  18.3%
• What percentage risk of crime did those over 60 experience according to the Scottish Crime and Justice survey in 2019-20?

  Around 7%
• Which group is more likely to be victims of crime?

  People living in deprived areas.
• How do crime rates in deprived areas compare to those in affluent areas?

  Crime rates are higher in deprived areas compared to more affluent areas.
• By what percentage were those living in the 15% most deprived areas in Scotland more likely to have experienced a crime in 2019-2020?

  5%
• What is one reason why people commit crime according to the nature argument?

  They are born bad.
• What is the MAOA gene also known as?

  The warrior gene.
• How does a mutation in the MAOA gene affect a person's behavior?

  It predisposes them to violence as they are less able to control their impulses.
• What is one characteristic of criminals thought to be influenced by the warrior gene?

  They lack empathy.
• Why do young people tend to have higher rates of crime?

  Because a person's brain does not develop fully until around 26.
• What part of the brain is smaller in teenagers, affecting their ability to control emotions?

  The prefrontal cortex.
• How does the underdevelopment of the prefrontal cortex affect teenagers?

  It makes them less able to control their emotions and more open to risk and peer pressure.
• What is one reason why deprived areas tend to have higher crime rates?

  Poverty leads to crime.
• Why might people in deprived areas turn to crime?

  To provide for their family or because crime becomes normalized.
• What fraction of young men from the most deprived communities in Scotland will spend time in prison before they are 23?

  One in nine.
• Who argued that those with the least opportunities are more likely to commit crime?

  Robert Merton.
• Why do limited resources and inequality lead to crime according to Merton?

  Not everyone can achieve wealth, leading some to turn to illegitimate means.
• What is the term for when people turn to illegitimate means to achieve wealth?

  Innovation.
• What is one social cause of crime related to upbringing?

  Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs).
• How do adverse childhood experiences lead to crime?


  Individuals may copy abusive or violent behavior they experienced as children.
• What percentage of prisoners in the UK have experienced at least one ACE?

  97%
• What is one social cause of crime related to alcohol?

  Alcohol can lead to aggressive behavior.
• How does alcohol consumption affect people's actions?

  Drunk people may think less about the consequences of their actions and are more likely to become aggressive.
• What percentage of violent crimes in Scotland are alcohol-related?

  44%
• What is one impact of crime on victims?

  Physical injuries.
• How can violent crimes impact individuals physically?

  Individuals could sustain long or short-term injuries.
• What was reported as the most common type of injury sustained from violent crimes in 2017-2018?

  Minor bruising or black eyes.
• What percentage of individuals reported minor bruising or black eyes as injuries from violent crimes?

  60%
• How can crime impact victims financially?

  Someone could steal from them.
• What is the financial impact of property crime in terms of damage costs?

  In 5% of the cases, the cost of damage was more than £1000.
• What is one emotional impact of crime on victims?

  Victims may feel fear after the crime is committed.
• How do victims of violent crimes compare to victims of property crimes in terms of fear?

  Victims of violent crimes are more likely to report feeling fear.