Great Depression part 2

• What was the election year of Franklin Delano Roosevelt?

  1932
• What did Franklin Delano Roosevelt pledge during his campaign?

  To provide a "new deal" for Americans
• What amendment shortened the period between presidential election and inauguration?

  20th Amendment
• What was the significance of the 20th Amendment?

  It changed presidential terms to start on January 20
• How did FDR's presidency differ from previous presidents?

  He expanded federal government size and powers
• How long did FDR dominate the nation and government?

  12 years and 2 months
• What were the three Rs of the New Deal?

  Recovery, Reform, Relief
• What were the main goals of the New Deal programs?

  • Recovery for business and economy
  • Reform of economic institutions
  • Relief for unemployed individuals
• When did FDR call Congress into a special session after his inauguration?

  March 4, 1933
• What was accomplished during FDR's First Hundred Days?

  Congress passed all of FDR's requests
• How many banks failed in 1933?

  Over 5,000 banks
• What was the purpose of the bank holiday declared by FDR?

  To restore confidence in the banking system
• What act legalized the sale of beer and wine?

  Beer-Wine Revenue Act
• What was the outcome of the 21st Amendment?

  It repealed Prohibition
• When did FDR present his first fireside chat?

  March 12, 1933
• What was the main message of FDR's fireside chats?

  That reopened banks were safe
• What did the Emergency Banking Relief Act authorize?

  Government examination of closed banks' finances
• What did the Home Owners Loan Corporation provide?

  Refinancing of small homes to prevent foreclosures
• What was the purpose of the National Industrial Recovery Act?

  To guarantee profits and fair wages
• What did the Agricultural Adjustment Act encourage farmers to do?

  Reduce production to boost prices
• What did the Glass-Steagall Act increase?

  Regulation of banks and investment practices
• What does the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation guarantee?

  Individual bank deposits
• What was the role of the Securities and Exchange Commission?

  To regulate the stock market and protect investors
• What did the Federal Housing Administration insure?

  Bank loans for building and repairing houses
• What did the Federal Emergency Relief Administration provide?

  Grants to states for soup kitchens and relief
• What was the purpose of the Public Works Administration?

  To fund construction projects and create jobs
• What did the Civil Works Administration do?

  Hired laborers for temporary construction projects
• What was the focus of the Tennessee Valley Authority?

  Building dams and providing electricity
• What were the main focuses of the Second New Deal?

  • Concentrated on relief and reform
  • Aimed to help industrial workers and farmers
  • Provided more government assistance
• What did the Works Progress Administration do?

  Provided jobs and constructed public works
• How many people did the WPA employ after its first year?

  3.4 million people
• What types of projects did the WPA fund?

  Bridges, roads, airports, and public buildings
• What did the National Youth Administration provide?

  Part-time jobs for young people
• What did the Resettlement Administration provide loans for?

  Sharecroppers, tenants, and small farmers
• What did the National Labor Relations Act guarantee?

  Workers' rights to join unions and bargain
• What did the Rural Electrification Administration provide loans for?

  Electrical cooperatives in rural areas
• What did the Social Security Act create?

  A federal insurance program for retirees
• Who were the main candidates in the 1936 election?

  FDR and Alf Landon
• Why was FDR disliked by business leaders?

  Due to regulatory programs and pro-union measures
• What coalition supported the Democratic Party during the 1930s-1960s?

  The New Deal coalition