maintenance

• the behaviour continues and the addiction is established
• assumptions about managing the problem

  early trauma and current distress means the individual is not in a position to look after themselves and experience low self esteem. Self regulate because they cannot control self esteem, relationships or self care. Uses alcohol to overcome
• stress relief


  the person cannot soothe themselves because of their experience of trauma, especially when stressed. Have not developed confidence in themselves so cannot judge their true worth or value