energy transfers

• What are the three main methods of heat transfer?

  Conduction, convection, and radiation.

  
• Describe how conduction, convection, and radiation contribute to the heating of water in the pot.

  • Conduction: The pot base directly heats the bottom layer of water molecules through molecular vibrations.
  • Convection: Heated water rises, cooler water sinks, creating circular currents that distribute heat throughout the water.
  • Radiation: The heating element emits infrared radiation that directly heats the water in the pot.

  
• What is the electromagnetic spectrum and what does it encompass?

  • The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all types of electromagnetic radiation
  • It includes all forms of radiation from radio waves to gamma rays

  
• What are the main types of radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum?

  Radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays

  
• How are wavelength and energy related in the electromagnetic spectrum?

  • Wavelength and energy are inversely related
  • Shorter wavelengths correspond to higher energy
  • Longer wavelengths correspond to lower energy

  
• If radiation has a longer wavelength, does it have higher or lower energy?


  Lower energy

  
• Why do shorter wavelengths have higher energy?

  Because frequency and wavelength are inversely related, and energy is proportional to frequency

  
• Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the highest energy?

  Gamma rays

  
• Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the longest wavelength?

  Radio waves

  
• Which type of electromagnetic radiation is visible to the human eye?


  Visible light

  
• Which type of electromagnetic radiation is used in microwave ovens?

  Microwaves

  
• Which type of electromagnetic radiation is produced by radioactive decay?

  Gamma rays

  
• What are the four main ways energy can be transferred?

  Mechanically, electrically, by heating, by radiation
• What are energy transfers?

  Movements of energy from one energy store to another
• How is energy transferred mechanically?

  Through forces or motion applied to an object
• What happens during electrically transferred energy?

  Energy flows as electric current through a conductor
• How does energy transfer by heating occur?

  When thermal energy moves from hot to cold areas
• What is energy transfer by radiation?

  Energy travels as electromagnetic waves
• What type of energy transfer occurs when pedaling a bicycle?

  Mechanically transferred energy
• What is mechanically transferred energy?

  Energy moving through a force causing motion
• What is an example of mechanically transferred energy?

  Pedaling a bicycle
• What occurs when lifting a weight?

  Chemical energy changes to potential energy
• How does a rolling ball demonstrate mechanically transferred energy?

  Kinetic energy transfers to another object upon impact
• What happens when a person jumps?

  Chemical energy becomes potential energy then kinetic energy
• What is electrically transferred energy?

  Energy moved by electric current through a conductor
• What is an example of electrically transferred energy?

  Using a light bulb
• How does charging a phone demonstrate electrically transferred energy?

  Electrical energy is stored in the battery
• What is heat energy transfer?

  Transfer of thermal energy by conduction, convection, or radiation
• What is conduction?


  Heat passing directly through material by vibrating particles
• What is convection?


  Heat transfer in fluids as warmer parts rise
• What is radiation in terms of heat transfer?

  Transfer of heat through infrared waves
• What happens when a metal spoon is placed in a hot cup of tea?

  Heat passes through the metal by conduction
• What is the electromagnetic spectrum?


  Range of electromagnetic radiation with varying wavelengths
• How does wavelength relate to energy in the electromagnetic spectrum?


  As wavelength increases, energy decreases
• What is the relationship between gamma rays and the electromagnetic spectrum?

  Gamma rays have the highest energy and shortest wavelength