campylobacter

• What is the primary focus of studying Campylobacter?

  Microbiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment
• What does the name 'Campylobacter' mean?

  Derived from Greek for curved rods
• What is the most common cause of acute infectious diarrhea in the US?

  Campylobacter infections
• Who first observed Campylobacter in 1886?

  Theodore Escherich
• What type of diarrhea do Campylobacter infections typically produce?

  Inflammatory, sometimes bloody diarrhea
• Who is at higher risk for severe Campylobacter infections?

  Children, elderly, immuno-suppressed individuals
• What syndrome is Campylobacter identified as a cause of?

  Guillain-Barré syndrome
• What is the family and genus of Campylobacter?

  Family: Campylobacteraceae, Genus: Campylobacter
• What is the size range of Campylobacter bacteria?

  0.5 - 8µm long, 0.2 - 0.5µm wide
• What shape do Campylobacter bacteria typically have?

  Curved, comma, spiral, or "S" shapes
• What type of organism is Campylobacter in terms of oxygen requirement?

  Microaerophilic organism
• What is the optimum growth temperature for Campylobacter?

  37-42°C
• What is the infective dose range for Campylobacter?

  500 - 10,000 cells
• What are the most common routes of transmission for Campylobacter?

  Raw meat, unpasteurized milk, fecal-oral
• How does Campylobacter penetrate the gastrointestinal mucus?

  High motility and spiral shape
• What is the hallmark symptom of Campylobacter infection?

  Severe enteritis with blood and pus in stool
• What type of microscopy is used for direct examination of Campylobacter?

  Dark field and phase contrast microscopy
• What culture media cannot be used to isolate Campylobacter?

  Ordinary blood agar
• What biochemical tests are positive for Campylobacter?

  Oxidase, catalase, nitrate tests
• What is the mainstay treatment for Campylobacter infections?

  Electrolyte replacement and rehydration
• What hygiene practices can prevent Campylobacter infections?

  Wash hands, cook food properly, avoid cross-contamination
• What should be done if a patient presents with bloody diarrhea and fever?

  Collect stool sample for M/C/S
• What is the significance of the Guillain-Barré syndrome in relation to Campylobacter?

  It is a recognized complication of infection
• How does the virulence of Campylobacter strains affect infection severity?

  Depends on strain, host factors, and epithelial damage
• What are the common symptoms of Campylobacter infection?

  Fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting
• What is the incubation period for Campylobacter infection?

  18 hours to 8 days
• What is the role of the flagellum in Campylobacter's virulence?

  Aids in motility and invasion of host cells
• What are the common laboratory specimens for diagnosing Campylobacter?

  Stool, blood, CSF, rectal swab
• What is the significance of the transport media for Campylobacter?

  Preserves samples for accurate testing
• What is the importance of symptomatic management in Campylobacter infections?

  Key to managing symptoms and recovery
• What should be avoided to prevent antibiotic misuse in Campylobacter infections?

  Misuse and abuse of antibiotics
• sites of tissue injury by campylobacter

  jejunum, ileum and colon
• reservoirs for campylobacter

  warm blooded animals like goats, sheeps, poultry and pigs
• most common capylobacter

  campylobacter jejuni
• test for C. jejuni

  Hippurate
• drug of choice

  Gentamicin
• diseases caused by Campylobacter

  • Miller-Fisher syndrome
  • Reiter's disease
  • Guillan-Barre syndrome
  • Irritable bowel syndrome
• complications of campylobacter

  • Hepatitis
  • Guillian-barre
  • pancreatitis
  • bacteremia
  • miscarriages
  • reiters disease
• transport media

  • Cary Blair
  • Modified Cary blair
  • Thio-glycolate broth
  • Campy-thio
  • Alkaline-peptone water