Wars of Independance

• What is the definition of "Realm"?

  A Kingdom
• What does "Sovereignty" refer to?

  Supreme Power or Authority
• Who is a "Chronicler"?

  A person who writes historical accounts
• What does "Homage" mean?

  Special honour or respect shown publicly
• What is an "Oath"?

  A solemn promise, often on the bible
• What does "Fealty" signify?

  Formal acknowledgement of loyalty to a lord
• Who is referred to as an "Overlord"?

  A person of great power or authority
• What is a "Vassal"?

  Someone who received protection for loyalty
• What does "Succession" refer to?

  The action of inheriting a title
• Who was Scotland’s monarch from 1249 to 1286?

  King Alexander III
• Why is the period of 1249 to 1286 regarded as significant for Scotland?

  It was a time of prosperity and stability
• What event followed the death of Alexander III in 1286?

  The nation was thrown into chaos
• In what year did the Treaty of Perth give Scotland control of the Western Isles?

  1266
• What was the main product traded by Scots across the North Sea?

  Wool
• What happened in 1275 related to Alexander III's family?

  The death of Margaret, his wife
• When did Margaret, Alexander III’s daughter, die?

  1293
• What significant event occurred in 1284?

  The death of Prince Alexander, his son
• On what date did Alexander III die?

  18/19 March 1286
• Who was the brother of Alexander III’s wife?

  Edward I
• Who was Margaret, Alexander III’s daughter, married to?

  King Eric II of Norway
• Why did Queen Margaret of Norway die?

  Childbirth
• Who was the heir to the throne after Alexander III's death?

  Margaret, the Maid of Norway
• What were the events leading up to Alexander III's death?

  He traveled to see his wife after a meeting
• What advice did the boatman give Alexander III?

  Not to cross the Forth due to bad weather
• What happened to Alexander III after he crossed the Forth?

  He split from his group in darkness
• What was found the morning after Alexander III's arrival at Kinghorn?

  His body with a broken neck
• Why was there hope after Alexander III's death?

  His wife was pregnant with a potential heir
• What did the Guardians witness in November 1286?

  Yolande having a stillborn baby
• What did Alexander III's nobles recognize in 1284?

  Margaret as the rightful heir
• Who were appointed as Guardians of the Realm in April 1286?

  Earls, barons, and churchmen
• Name one of the Guardians appointed in April 1286.

  William Fraser, Bishop of St Andrews
• What was a major problem with the Guardians?

  Allegiances to the Balliol and Bruce families
• What happened when Duncan, Earl of Fife, died?

  He was not replaced in the Guardianship
• Why did the Guardianship fail to solve the succession problem?

  It did not provide a long-term solution
• What was the relationship of Margaret the Maid of Norway to Alexander III?

  She was his granddaughter
• Who was Edward I in relation to Alexander III?

  Brother-in-law
• What relation was Edward I to the Maid of Norway?

  Great uncle
• Why did King Eric II of Norway send an envoy to Edward I?

  He wanted a loan
• What did Edward I pressure the Scots to do?

  Pay Eric II what they owed
• Who did the English gain permission from for the marriage proposal in May 1289?

  The Pope