homeostasis

• What is the pituitary gland's location relative to the hypothalamus?


  The pituitary gland is located below the hypothalamus.

  
• What is the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland in hormone production?

  • The hypothalamus produces releasing hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland
  • The pituitary gland produces and releases hormones that regulate other glands
  • They form the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, a key part of the endocrine system

  
• Which two glands are found in the brain?

  • Pineal gland
  • Hypothalamus

  
• What is the function of the pineal gland?

  The pineal gland produces melatonin, which regulates sleep cycles.

  
• How does the endocrine system function in regulating hormone levels?

  • Through feedback mechanisms:
  • Positive feedback: enhances hormone production
  • Negative feedback: inhibits hormone production

  
• Which gland is located below the larynx?

  Thyroid gland

  
• What is the role of the adrenal glands in the endocrine system?

  • Produce cortisol for stress response
  • Produce aldosterone to regulate blood pressure
  • Produce adrenaline for the "fight-or-flight" response

  
• What two hormones are primarily produced by the pancreas?

  Insulin and glucagon

  
• What is the function of the kidneys in hormone production?

  The kidneys produce renin, which helps regulate blood pressure.

  
• What are the main reproductive hormones produced by males and females?

  Males:

  • Testosterone

  
  

  Females:

  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone

  
• How does the endocrine system contribute to water balance during negative feedback?

  • Osmoreceptors in the brain detect a stimulus (water levels rising in blood)
  • Signals are sent to the osmoregulatory center in the hypothalamus
  • The hypothalamus sends signals to the pituitary gland
  • The pituitary gland releases less ADH, reducing water reabsorption in the kidneys

  
• How do hair erector pili muscles respond to cold stimuli during thermoregulation?


  They contract, causing hairs to stand on end

  
• Which area of the brain controls the release of ADH?

  Osmoregulatory center in the hypothalamus

  
• What are the two main systems involved in homeostasis?

  • Nervous system
  • Endocrine system

  
• What do the hair erector pili muscles do when body temperature falls?


  They contract to make hairs stand on end

  
• Describe the steps involved in thermoregulatory negative feedback using the nervous system.

  1. Stimulus: Body temperature falls
  2. Receptor: Thermoreceptors in the skin detect the temperature change
  3. Control Centre: Thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus processes information
  4. Effector: Hair erector pili muscles contract, causing hairs to stand on end, trapping air for insulation

  
• What is the definition of homeostasis?

  The body's ability to maintain stable internal environment
• What role do hormones play in homeostasis?

  They act as chemical messengers to maintain balance
• What system is primarily involved in hormonal regulation?

  The endocrine system
• How does the body maintain blood sugar levels?

  Through hormones like insulin and glucagon
• What are the key characteristics of hormonal regulation in homeostasis?

  • Involves chemical signaling
  • Maintains physiological equilibrium
  • Uses the endocrine system
  • Operates through feedback mechanisms
• Which gland in the brain acts as the control center for hormonal regulation?

  The hypothalamus
• What is the function of the thyroid gland?

  Regulates metabolism and calcium levels
• Where are the adrenal glands located?

  In the upper abdomen
• What is a negative feedback mechanism?

  A process that returns a variable to its set point
• What are the steps involved in a negative feedback mechanism?

  Stimulus, receptor, control center, effector, response
• How does insulin function in blood sugar regulation?

  It lowers blood sugar levels when high
• What happens when blood sugar levels are low?

  Glucagon is released to raise blood sugar
• What is the role of growth hormone?


  Promotes growth and development