Clinical psychology

    Cards (54)

    • What are the two classification systems mentioned for clinical psychology?
      DSM-5 and ICD-10
    • What is the purpose of classification systems in clinical psychology?
      To provide objective, reliable diagnoses
    • What types of disorders are classified in clinical psychology?
      Psychoses and neuroses
    • How do psychoses differ from neuroses?
      Psychoses involve a break from reality
    • What are some symptoms used to recognize disorders?
      Physical, behavioral, cognitive, and affective changes
    • What do classification systems not do regarding mental disorders?
      They don't speculate about the causes of disorders
    • How are diagnostic manuals based on statistical patterns?
      They observe patterns, not common causes
    • When was the first DSM published?
      1952
    • Why was the first DSM created?
      To guide diagnosis of servicemen
    • What controversial classification was included in the first DSM?
      Homosexuality as a sociopathic personality disorder
    • How has the understanding of mental health evolved in relation to the DSM?
      It is updated regularly to reflect changes
    • What was the DSM's forerunner published in 1917 about?
      Statistics gathered across mental hospitals
    • What is the ICD and who supports it?
      International Statistical Classification of Disease, supported by WHO
    • When was ICD-10 released?
      1994
    • What was the original purpose of the ICD?
      To list causes of death
    • How does the ICD categorize mental disorders?
      By grouping them into families
    • What does the coding in ICD represent?
      Family and specific disorder
    • How does the ICD aid clinicians in diagnosis?
      It guides diagnosis through clinical interviews
    • What is the significance of reliability and validity in classification systems?
      They ensure accurate and consistent diagnoses
    • What factors should be included in the evaluation of classification systems?
      Credibility, objections, differences/similarities, applications
    • What should be noted about psychological understanding over time?
      It has changed significantly with new research
    • What are the wider issues and debates in psychology related to classification systems?
      Cultural differences and developmental psychology
    • What are grandiose delusions?

      Beliefs of being important or heroic
    • What are negative symptoms in schizophrenia?
      Symptoms that take away from experience
    • What does the dopamine hypothesis suggest?
      Schizophrenic brains produce more dopamine
    • What are concordance rates?
      Rates of agreement between twins
    • What will students be able to do by the end of the lessons?
      Describe and evaluate cognitive explanation of schizophrenia
    • What are the key components of the cognitive approach?
      • Perception
      • Attention
      • Language
      • Memory
      • Thinking
    • How do cognitive psychologists conduct their research?
      Under strict laboratory conditions
    • What is manipulated in cognitive psychology experiments?
      Independent variable
    • What is measured in cognitive psychology experiments?
      Dependent variable
    • What is the significance of case studies in cognitive psychology?
      They investigate rare cases in detail
    • What biological cause is attributed to positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
      Increased dopamine levels
    • What happens when a patient tries to make sense of hallucinations?
      They may seek confirmation from others
    • What might a person with psychosis assume if no external cause is evident?
      Invisible causes are responsible for experiences
    • What are examples of invisible causes that a person with psychosis might believe in?
      Radio waves, aliens, or the devil
    • What is the logical order activity related to symptoms of schizophrenia?
      Delusions of persecution or paranoia
    • How are symptoms seen in relation to cognitive processing?
      Faulty attempts to process abnormal experiences
    • What did Frith (1979) contribute to the understanding of schizophrenia?
      He provided an explanation of cognitive deficits
    • What did Gold & Harvey (1993) find about cognitive deficits in schizophrenia?
      Patients score lower on attention and memory tests
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