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Chemistry
Paper 2
Groups in periodic table
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Created by
Thomas L
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Cards (52)
What are the alkali metals known for?
Lower
melting
and
boiling
points
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Why can alkali metals be cut with a knife?
weak intermolecular forces of attraction.
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What type of compounds do alkali metals form?
Ionic compounds
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How do alkali metals lose their outer electron?
They lose it easily to form
1+
ions
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How does reactivity change as you go down Group 1?
Reactivity
increases down the group
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Why is the outer electron lost more easily in lower alkali metals?
It is further from the
nucleus
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What happens when alkali metals react with cold water?
They produce
hydroxide
and
hydrogen gas
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What is the overall equation for sodium reacting with water?
2Na
+ 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂
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How does the reactivity of Group 1 metals with water change down the group?
It becomes more
violent
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What observation would you make when lithium reacts with water?
It
fizzes
and
melts
around the surface
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What happens when potassium reacts with water?
It
ignites
the
hydrogen
gas produced
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How can you predict the reactivity of rubidium and caesium with water?
They will be more violent than
potassium
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How are caesium and rubidium stored?
They are stored in
oil
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How many elements are in Group 7?
Seven
elements
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What do all Group 7 elements have in common?
They have 7 electrons in their
outer shell
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What is the state of fluorine at room temperature?
Pale, poisonous
green gas
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What is the appearance of chlorine at room temperature?
Pale-green
liquid
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What is bromine at room temperature?
Poisonous, red-brown liquid
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What is iodine at room temperature?
Dark grey
crystalline
solid
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How do halogens exist?
As
diatomic
molecules
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What happens to the melting and boiling points of halogens down Group 7?
They increase down the group
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How can you test for chlorine gas?
Using damp
blue litmus
paper
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What happens to damp blue litmus paper in chlorine gas?
It turns white due to
bleaching
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How does reactivity change as you go down Group 7?
Reactivity
decreases down the group
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Why do halogens become less reactive down the group?
It gets harder to attract an
electron
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What do halogens form when they react with hydrogen?
Hydrogen halides
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What do halogens form when they react with metals?
Salts called
metal halides
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What happens when hydrogen halides dissolve in water?
They form
acidic
solutions
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What is an example of a hydrogen halide?
HCl
forms
hydrochloric acid
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Why do halogens have similar reactions?
They have the same number of
outer electrons
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What are the noble gases known for?
Being
unreactive
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What are the elements in Group 0?
Helium
,
neon
, argon,
krypton
, xenon, radon
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What state are noble gases at room temperature?
Colourless
gases
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What does it mean that noble gases are monatomic?
They consist of
single atoms
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Why are noble gases inert?
They have a full
outer shell
of
electrons
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What is a property of noble gases regarding flammability?
They are non-flammable
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What are some uses of noble gases?
Provide
inert
atmosphere and protect
metals
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How does argon help in light bulbs?
It prevents the
filament
from burning
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Why is helium used in balloons?
It has lower
density
than air
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What trends exist in the properties of noble gases?
Boiling point
and
density
increase
down the group
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