Using Resources (C10)

• What is the final topic discussed in the material?

  Resources and sustainability
• Why do we need resources like food and wood?

  For warmth, shelter, food, and transport
• What does sustainability aim to achieve?

  Meet current needs without compromising future generations
• What is potable water?

  Water safe for drinking
• How is freshwater typically sourced for drinking?

  From freshwater sources with low salt
• What process is used to sterilize drinking water?

  Chlorination, ozone, or UV light
• What is desalination?

  Removing salt from seawater
• What are two methods of desalination mentioned?

  Distillation and reverse osmosis
• Why is pure water dangerous to drink in large amounts?

  It causes cells to become turgid
• What is wastewater?

  Water that creates waste from processes
• What processes are involved in treating wastewater?

  Screening, grit removal, sedimentation
• What is sludge?

  Solid material that sinks in wastewater
• How is sludge treated?

  Through anaerobic digestion
• What is effluent?

  Liquid waste from the top of sedimentation
• How is effluent treated?

  With aerobic respiration
• What industries extract metals from the earth?

  Mining and metallurgy
• What are two methods of obtaining metals from ores?

  Electrolysis and displacement reactions
• What is phyto mining?

  Using plants to absorb minerals from soil
• What is bioleaching?

  Using bacteria to extract metal compounds
• What is a life cycle assessment (LCA)?

  A process to assess environmental impact
• What stages are considered in an LCA?

  Extraction, manufacturing, use, disposal, transportation
• How can we reduce environmental impact?

  By reducing product use and recycling
• What materials can be recycled infinitely?

  Glass and metal
• What is corrosion?

  Destruction of materials by chemical reactions
• What happens to iron and steel during corrosion?

  They rust when reacting with oxygen and water
• What is galvanizing?

  Coating metal with a more reactive metal
• What is an example of a sacrificial metal?

  Zinc
• What is an alloy?

  A mixture of different metals
• What is bronze made of?

  Copper and tin
• What is steel made of?

  Iron and carbon
• What is stainless steel?

  Steel containing chromium or nickel
• Why are alloys usually stronger than pure metals?

  Different size atoms disrupt the lattice structure
• What is soda-lime glass made from?

  Sand, sodium carbonate, and limestone
• What is borosilicate glass known for?

  Higher melting point than soda-lime glass
• What are ceramics made from?

  Clay heated in a furnace
• What are composites?

  Materials made from two different materials
• What is an example of a composite material?

  Carbon fiber
• What are the two types of polymers?

  High density and low density
• What is the difference between thermosoftening and thermosetting polymers?

  Thermosoftening melts; thermosetting does not
• What is the Haber process used for?

  To make ammonia for fertilizers