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Cards (93)
What is the smallest part of an element that can exist?
An
atom
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What does the chemical symbol Na represent?
An atom of
sodium
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What happens during a chemical reaction?
Formation of one or more new
substances
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What is a compound?
Two or more
elements
chemically combined
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What is the formula for a compound containing 1 atom of hydrogen and 1 atom of chlorine?
HCl
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How can compounds be separated into elements?
By
chemical reactions
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What is a mixture?
Two or more
elements
or
compounds
not chemically combined
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How can mixtures be separated?
By
physical
processes like filtration
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What was the first model of the atom?
Tiny
spheres
that could not be
divided
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What did the plum pudding model propose?
Atom
is a ball of
positive charge
with
electrons
embedded
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What did the alpha particle scattering experiment conclude?
Mass of the atom is
concentrated
at the
nucleus
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Who suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances?
Neil Bohr
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What did James Chadwick discover?
Existence of
neutrons
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What is the atomic number of an element?
Number of
protons
in an atom
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What is the relative charge of a proton?
+1
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What is the relative charge of a neutron?
0
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What is the relative charge of an electron?
-1
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Why does an atom have an overall charge of 0?
Number of
protons
equals number of
electrons
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What is the approximate radius of an atom?
0.1
nm
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What is the mass number of an atom?
Sum of
protons
and
neutrons
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What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same
element
with different neutrons
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What is relative atomic mass?
Average value considering
isotope
abundance
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Calculate the relative atomic mass of carbon with isotopes carbon-12 (80%) and carbon-14 (20%).
12.4
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Where do electrons occupy in an atom?
Lowest available
energy levels
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What is the electronic structure of sodium?
2,8,1
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What are the key differences between compounds and mixtures?
Compounds:
chemically
combined, fixed
proportions
, separated by chemical reactions
Mixtures: not chemically combined, variable proportions, separated by
physical
processes
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What are the key findings from the alpha particle scattering experiment?
Mass of atom
concentrated at
nucleus
Nucleus is
positively charged
Most alpha particles passed through, some
deflected
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What are the properties of subatomic particles?
Proton
:
charge
+1,
mass 1
Neutron
:
charge 0
, mass 1
Electron
: charge -1,
very small mass
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What are the steps to calculate relative atomic mass?
Multiply each
isotope's
mass by its
abundance
Sum the results
Divide by
100
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How do electrons arrange themselves in an atom?
Occupy
lowest
available energy levels (
shells
)
Shells closest to
nucleus
filled first
Electronic structure
indicates electrons per shell
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What is the size range of nanoparticles?
1-100
nanometers
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How many atoms do nanoparticles typically contain?
A
few hundred
atoms
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Why do nanoparticles have different properties compared to bulk materials?
High
surface area to volume ratio
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What is the diameter range of fine particles (PM2.5)?
100-2500
nm
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What is the diameter range of coarse particles (PM10)?
1 x
10⁻⁵
m to 2.5 x 10⁻⁵ m
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What happens to the surface area to volume ratio when the size of a particle decreases by a factor of 10?
It
increases
by
a
factor
of
10
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Why would nanoparticles make good catalysts?
High
surface area to volume ratio
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What is one use of nanoparticles in cosmetics?
Sun tan cream
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What is one use of nanoparticles in building materials?
Stronger,
lighter
materials
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Why are nanoparticles used in lubricant coatings?
They reduce
friction
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See all 93 cards
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