The Variety of Living Organisms

• Plant Cell Description

  Plants are multicellular

  They have chloroplasts, so they can photosynthesise

  Their cell walls are made of cellulose

  Plants store carbohydrates as sucrose or starch
• Animal Description


  Animals are also multicellular

  They don’t have chloroplasts, so they cannot photosynthesise

  They do not have cell walls

  Have some kind of nervous coordination (respond rapidly to changes in the environment)

  Can move around

  Often store carbohydrate in the form of glycogen
• Fungi Description 


  Some are single - celled

  Others have a body called a mycelium, which is made up of hyphae (thread - like structures)

  Hyphae contain lots of nuclei

  They cannot photosynthesise

  Their cells have cell walls made of chitin

  Feed by saprotrophic nutrition

  Store carbohydrates as glycogen
• What is saprotrophic nutrition?

  Where fungi secrete extracellular enzymes into the area outside their body to dissolve their food, so they can absorb the nutrients
• Protoctists Description


  Single celled and microscopic

  Some have chloroplasts and are similar to plant cells

  Others are more like animal cells
• Bacteria description 


  Single celled and microscopic

  Don’t have a nucleus, instead they have a circular chromosome of DNA

  Some can photosynthesise

  Most bacteria can feed off other organisms (living/dead)
• Viruses Description 


  Particles rather than cells

  Smaller than bacteria

  Can only reproduce inside living cells (an example of a parasite)

  Infect all types of living organisms

  Come in lots of different sizes and shapes

  Do not have a cellular structure - protein coat around some genetic material (either DNA or RNA)
• Examples of Plants

  maize

  cereals

  herbaceous legumes
• Examples of animals 


  Mammals

  Insects
• Examples of Fungi


  Yeast - single celled fungus

  Mucor - multicellular and has a mycelium and hyphae
• Examples of Protoctists


  Chlorella

  Amoeba
• Examples of Bacteria


  Lactobacillus bulgaricus - can be used to make milk go sour to turn into yogurt. rod shaped

  Pneumococcus - spherical in shape
• examples of viruses


  Influenza virus

  tobacco mosaic virus

  HIV
• What does Eukaryotic mean?

  Organisms with cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
• What does Prokaryotic mean?

  Lacking a nucleus (mostly)
• Plant Cell Structure

  
• Animal Cell Structure

  
• Fungi Cell Structure

  
• Protoctists Cell Structure

  
• Bacteria Cell Structure

  
• Virus Particle Diagram