P6

• What are the three possible outcomes when a wave arrives at a boundary between two materials?

  Absorption, transmission, reflection
• What happens to the energy of a wave when it is absorbed by a material?

  It is transferred to the material's energy stores
• What is the result of wave transmission at a boundary?

  The wave enters the material and continues traveling
• What is the rule that governs the reflection of waves?

  The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection
• If the angle of incidence is 30 degrees, what is the angle of reflection?

  30 degrees
• What is the normal in a ray diagram?

  A dashed line perpendicular to the surface
• Why is the normal important in drawing a ray diagram?

  It helps measure the angle of incidence and reflection
• What is the point where the incoming ray touches the boundary called?

  Point of incidence
• What is specular reflection?

  Reflection from a smooth surface where all normals are aligned
• What is diffuse reflection?

  Reflection from a rough surface where normals are scattered
• Why can't you see your reflection in a piece of paper?

  Because paper causes diffuse reflection, scattering light in all directions
• What is the angle of incidence in a ray diagram?

  The angle between the incoming ray and the normal
• If the angle of incidence is 45 degrees, what is the angle of reflection?

  45 degrees
• What determines whether a wave is reflected, absorbed, or transmitted at a boundary?

  The wavelength of the wave and the properties of the materials
• What is the angle of reflection in a ray diagram?

  The angle between the reflected ray and the normal
• Why does a mirror produce a clear image?

  Because it causes specular reflection, reflecting light uniformly
• How does the surface roughness affect the reflection of light?

  Rough surfaces cause diffuse reflection, scattering light in different directions
• What is the angle between the normal and the surface in a ray diagram?

  90 degrees
• If the angle of incidence is 60 degrees, what is the angle of reflection?

  60 degrees
• What happens to the normals in diffuse reflection?

  They point in different directions due to the rough surface
• What is the angle of incidence equal to in reflection?

  The angle of reflection
• Why is the angle of incidence equal to the angle of reflection?

  Because it is a fundamental law of reflection
• If the angle of incidence is 75 degrees, what is the angle of reflection?

  75 degrees
• What is the main difference between specular and diffuse reflection?

  Specular reflection occurs on smooth surfaces, diffuse on rough surfaces
• What is the point of incidence in a ray diagram?

  The point where the incoming ray touches the boundary
• Why do rough surfaces scatter light in diffuse reflection?

  Because the normals point in different directions due to surface roughness
• If the angle of incidence is 15 degrees, what is the angle of reflection?

  15 degrees
• What is the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection?

  They are always equal
• What is the angle of reflection equal to in reflection?

  The angle of incidence
• Why is the normal perpendicular to the surface in a ray diagram?

  Because it is used to measure the angles of incidence and reflection
• If the angle of incidence is 50 degrees, what is the angle of reflection?

  50 degrees
• What is the key difference between specular and diffuse reflection in terms of image formation?

  Specular reflection forms clear images, diffuse does not
• What is the angle of incidence measured between?

  The incoming ray and the normal
• Why does a rough surface like paper not produce a clear image?

  Because it causes diffuse reflection, scattering light in all directions
• If the angle of incidence is 80 degrees, what is the angle of reflection?

  80 degrees
• What is the role of the normal in determining the angle of reflection?

  It serves as a reference line to measure the angles
• What is the angle of reflection measured between?

  The reflected ray and the normal
• Why is the angle of incidence always equal to the angle of reflection?

  Because it is a fundamental law of reflection
• If the angle of incidence is 10 degrees, what is the angle of reflection?

  10 degrees
• What is the main reason for the difference between specular and diffuse reflection?

  The smoothness or roughness of the reflecting surface