The effect of physical activity on health and fitness

• Sedentary behaviour


  Lack of physical activity.
• Positive energy balance


  More calories consumed than used (weight gain).
• Negative energy balance.


  Less calories consumed than are used (weight loss).
• CHD


  Coronary heart disease
• Atherosclerosis


  Narrowing of the coronary arteries due to build-up of cholesterol.
• Atheroma


  A deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall. If it breaks off it can cause heart attack or stroke.
• Hypertension


  High blood pressure.
• Blood pressure


  The pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels.
• LDL cholesterol


  Low density lipoproteins. Bad fat!
• HDL cholesterol


  High density lipoprotein. Good fat!
• Osteoporosis


  Low bone density resulting in more fractures.