ROME

• How was prostitution viewed in Rome?

  It was legal and not shameful
• What could happen if a man spent too much time with prostitutes?

  He could be accused of lacking moderation
• Who oversaw prostitution in Rome?

  The government licensed and taxed prostitutes
• What did a prostitute need to obtain a license?

  Visit the aediles for a 'licence for debauchery'
• What was the difference in fees charged by freeborn and slave prostitutes?

  Freeborn prostitutes charged higher fees
• What does 'infamia' signify for a prostitute?

  Loss of rights as a free person
• What professions were considered 'infames' in Rome?

  Prostitutes, actors, and gladiators
• What happened to a person who became an 'infamis'?

  They could be beaten like a slave
• Why might a wealthy woman become a prostitute?

  Desperate need for money
• What is a female prostitute in Rome called?

  Meretrix
• How did the living conditions of prostitutes vary in Rome?

  Dependent on status and clientele
• Where did low-class prostitutes typically work?

  In brothels known as lupanar
• What did Roman male poets write about?

  Their visits to brothels
• What does the poem 'Copa' reveal about Roman prostitution?

  Prostitutes could also work as barmaids
• What was the significance of the ethnicity of the woman in 'Copa'?

  She was likely a slave or freedwoman
• How did some Roman prostitutes compare to Athenian hetairai?

  They could charge high fees and have contracts
• What did educated prostitutes in Rome sometimes do?

  Attend dinner parties as guests
• What did female prostitutes wear in Rome?

  A toga, marking them as public property
• What role did prostitutes play in Roman religious festivals?

  Participated in cleaning cult statues
• What was Fortuna Virilis associated with?

  Luck of men
• What did Ovid say about Fortuna Virilis?

  She concealed women's imperfections from men
• What is a lena in Roman society?

  A female pimp
• Why was being a lena considered shameful?

  Profiting from forcing others into prostitution
• How did some lenae refer to their prostitutes?

  As 'daughter' to deceive clients
• How were lenae depicted in Roman comedy?

  As stupid and greedy characters
• What did lenae commonly carry on stage?

  A money bag
• What are the key terms related to prostitution in Rome?

  • Matrona: Respectable woman
  • Meretrix: Female prostitute
  • Lena: Female pimp
• What are the roles and statuses of prostitutes in Roman society?

  • Legal profession, not seen as shameful
  • Infamia: Loss of rights and social status
  • Varied living conditions based on status
  • Participation in religious festivals
• Who are the two Roman women discussed in the study material?

  Cytheris and Clodia
• What were the lares in Roman culture?

  Household gods or spirits
• What is an omen?

  A sign of future events
• What is a vilica?

  A female overseer of a household
• What was Cytheris famous for?

  Her work as an actress and mime
• How was Cytheris viewed despite her infamia?

  She was celebrated for her beauty and skills
• What does the name Cytheris signify?

  It is linked to love and beauty
• What does Cicero's use of the word 'forced' imply about Cytheris?

  She was a source of scandal in Rome
• What profession did Cytheris share with many actresses of her time?

  She was also a prostitute
• Who owned Cytheris before she was freed?

  Publius Volumnius Eutrapelus
• Why did Eutrapelus free Cytheris?

  To make her more attractive to clients
• How did Cicero feel about Cytheris?

  He despised her and viewed her as scandalous