quick questions

• Which sociologist theorised Anomie?

  Durkheim
• What is selective law enforcement?

  Law is applied differently to different social groups
• What crimes have increased due to globalisation?

  • cyber crime
  • drug and people trafficking
  • weapons trafficking
  • money laundering
• What term did Hobbs use to explain how crime now involves networks of people around the globe?

  Glocal
• Which sociologist is associated with status frustration?

  Cohen
• What is the McPherson Report?

  Investigation into allegations of institutional racism in the police force after the murder of Stephen Lawrence
• What is another name for the interactionist theory of crime?

  Labelling theory
• What name does Becker give groups such as the media, police, and those with the power to create and enforce laws?

  Moral entrepreneurs
• What is the OCR and where does it come from?

  Official crime rate - police reports, courts, prison records
• Which social group is more likely to be a victim of violent crime?

  Young working class male aged 17-24
• What is rational choice theory?

  Idea that people make a conscious choice to commit crime
• What are the 5 reactions to strain according to Merton?


  • ritualism
  • conformity
  • innovation
  • retreatism
  • rebellion
• What is utilitarian crime?


  crime for financial gain
• How could media be a cause of crime?

  Imitation, desensititation, targeting, glamourisation
• What are the three positive effects of crime according to Durkheim?

  boundary maintenance, social cohesion, adaption and change
• What is meant by corporate crime?

  when a company or person commits a crime to benefit the company
• Who suggested that crime is not functional, but the publicising and punishment of it is?

  Taylor, Walton and Young
• What are the three types of subculture according to Cloward and Ohlin?

  Criminal, conflict, retreatism
• Modern moral panics?


  Black mugger, HIV and aids, islamophobia
• In what 4 ways are crime and deviance seen as fluid?

  Historical, cultural, contextual, generational
• Who suggested women commit less crime than men due to lack of opportunity?

  Dunscombe and Marsden
• What is disintegrative shaming according to Braithwaite?

  When the crime and criminal are considered bad and excluded from society
• What is a 'safety valve' in relation to crime?


  Allowing smaller crimes and deviancy to prevent larger crimes and social problems
• Reiman gave what as an example of selective law enforcement?

  Benefits scroungers v corporate tax dodgers
• In what 5 ways has globalisation impacted crime levels?

  • cheaper travel
  • deregulation of financial services
  • easier movement of people
  • influence of global media
  • spread of new information
• What is meant by master status?

  When the given label is internalised and becomes the main identity
• What did Pearce mean by a false consciousness of crime?

  The occasional prosecution of corporate crime and the passing of laws which appear to protect WC
• What are the three causes of crime according to the Right Realists?

  • biological differences
  • socialisation
  • rational choice
• An example of context deviancy?

  Drinking at 8am
• Which sociologist is associated with the interactionist approach to crime?

  Becker
• How is the media a cause of the fear of crime?

  • overrepresentation of violent crime
  • moral panics
  • ideological control
• What did Messner and Rosenfield mean by institutional anomie theory?

  Lower state and free market capitalism = higher crime rates

  eg post soviet russia
• What did Taylor et al mean by crime as voluntarist?

  People have free will and make a conscious choice and are politically motivated to commit crime
• What do marxists mean when they say capitalism is criminogenic?

  Capitalism is exploitative by nature and results in class inequality and poverty, which lead to crime
• Who suggested that the global criminal economy is worth over $1 billion per year?

  Castells
• What is reintegrative shaming according to Braithwaite?

  Labelling the act not the person
• Who suggests that Marxist explanation of crime romanticises criminals?

  Rock
• How did McRobbie and Thornton evaluate moral panics?


  They are outdated
• Who argues that the law is socially constructed by the ruling class to protect capitalist interests?

  Box
• Who conducted a study called policing the crisis?

  Hall