Chemistry - Organic Compounds

• Name this hydrocarbon

  Cylcobutane

  
• Name this hydrocarbon

  2-ethyl, 2-methylhexane

  
• Name this hydrocarbon

  2,2-dimethylbutane

  
• Name this hydrocarbon

  2-methylheptane

  
• Name this hydrocarbon

  Butene

  
• Name this hydrocarbon

  Dimethylpropane

  
• Name this hydrocarbon

  2,3-dimethy, 4-ethylhexane

  
• Name this hydrocarbon

  3,4-dimethylhexane

  
• Name this hydrocarbon

  3-methylpentane

  
• what does nomenclature mean

  The process of naming organic compounds
• define display formula

  shows all bonds and atoms in the molecule
• what are the rules of naming organic compounds?

  longest chain of carbons

  length and position of branches

  the nature and position of functional groups

  put the side groups in alphabetical order

  order ( what carbon is the FG on, how much of it ( di/tri) , longest carbon name)
• what are the prefix’s for the first 10 hydrocarbons

  1= meth

  2= eth

  3= prop

  4= but

  5= pent

  6= hex

  7= hept

  8= oct

  9= non

  10= dec
• defined shortened formulae

  shows a group in sufficient detail that the structure is unambiguous
• what is the two/three/four side chain of the same type prefix ?

  di-

  tri

  tetra-
• what is the name of the side chain increasing in carbons ( CH3/C2H5/C3H7)

  methyl-

  ethyl-

  propyl-
• where must commas be when naming organic compounds

  between numbers
• where must hyphens (-) be when naming organic compounds

  between a letter and number
• what does the number in the middle of a alcohol name mean

  the carbon the OH is attached to
• define skeletal formula

  shows the carbon/hydrogen backbone of the molecule as a series of bonds with any functional group
• divine functional group

  the atom or group of atoms that give a compound its characteristics chemical and physical properties
• define homologous series

  a family of compounds that have the same functional group and general formula
• what does the number in the naming alkenes mean

  (but-1-ene)

  where the double bond is located
• name the functional group, name clue and example of an alkane

  • saturated
  • no functional group
  • -ane
• name the functional group, name clue and example of an alkene

  • double bond
  • -ene
  • ethene
  • unstatrated
• name the functional group, name clue and example of a halogenalkane

  • hallogen ( F, Cl , Br , I )
  • -fluero / -chloro / -bromo / -iodo
  • chloromethane
• name the functional group, name clue and example of alcahols

  • hydroxyl ( OH )
  • -ol
  • ethan-1-ol
• name the functional group, name clue and example of a carboxyl acid

  • carboxyl ( c double bonded to a o , OH and varible group )
  • -oic acid
  • ethanonic acid
• name the functional group, name clue, location in name and example of a aldehyde

  • carbonyl ( c double bonded to an o , h and varible group)
  • end of molecule
  • -al
  • ethanal
• name the functional group, name clue, location in name and example of a ketone

  • carbonyl
  • middle of molecule
  • -one
  • propanone
• name the functional group, name clue, location in molecule and example of esters

  • ester ( c double bonded with a o , c bonded with O after eachother , c bonded to varible group)
  • middle of molecule
  • -yl / -onate
  • ethyl ethanonate ( Oxygen has the Oate )
• how do you organise the name of a organic molecule ?

  circle the fuunctional groups

  list what , where and how many there are ( fucntional group)

  identify longest carbon chain

  put in fucntional groups in alphebetical order and add teh longest carbon chain
• what is a structral isomer ?

  when a compound has the same molecular formulae but different structure
• what are the two types of isomer ?

  structural

  sterioisomer
• what are the 3 types of structral isomer ?

  chain

  postional

  functional group
• define chain isomer

  same molecular formulae but differetn arrangements of the carbon and hydrogen atoms in their chain

  share similar chemical properties - same homologus series

  differ in physical properites - boiling and melting point
• define postitional isomer

  same molecular formulae but the fucntional group are in a differertn postion of carbon atoms
• define functional group isomer

  differetn functional groups so have different physical properties and chemical properties

  involves ketones and alhalkides
• what type of isomerism is this?

  chain structural isomerism

  
• what type of isomerism is this?

  functional group isomerism