disease

• what is a disease?

  a disease is a problem with structure or process that is not the result of injury.
• what is a pathogen?

  a microorganism that can cause a disease.
• what is an communicable disease?

  A disease that can spread between individuals, caused by pathogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses).
• what is a non-communicable disease?


  A disease that cannot be passed from person to person, often caused by genetics, lifestyle, or environment (e.g., cancer, diabetes).
• How do pathogens spread?


  • Air: Sneezing or coughing (e.g., flu, tuberculosis).
  • Water: Drinking contaminated water (e.g., cholera).
  • Direct contact: Skin or bodily fluids (e.g., athlete's foot, HIV).
  • Vectors: Insects like mosquitoes (e.g., malaria).
• Examples of communicable diseases


  • Bacterial: Tuberculosis, cholera.
  • Viral: Influenza, HIV/AIDS.
  • Fungal: Athlete’s foot.
  • Protist: Malaria.
• Examples of non-communicable diseases

  • Cardiovascular diseases (heart attack).
  • Cancer.
  • Diabetes.
  • Asthma.
• what is malnutrition?


  malnutrition is when you do not get enough or too much of a particular nutrient from your food
• what is kwashiorkor?


  is a deficiency disease that is caused by a lack of protein in the diet
• what are the symptoms of kwashiorkor?


  enlarged belly

  small muscles

  failure to grow properly

  brittle hair
• what are sources of protein? (kwashiorkor)


  meat

  fish

  diary

  eggs
• what can a lack of iron lead to?


  a lack of iron in the diet may lead to anaemia, which is a deficiency of red blood cells.
• what are the symptoms of a lack of iron?


  red blood cells carry oxygen around the body so anaemia leads the sufferer to feel

  tired and

  weak
• what are dietary sources of iron?


  red meat

  green leafy vegetables

  egg yolk
• what are rickets?


  rickets can result from a lack of vitamin D and calcium.
• what are the symptoms of rickets?


  it causes skeletal deformities

  dental problems

  poor growth
• what are the sources of vitamin D?


  oily fish
• sources of vitamin C

  citrus fruits, e.g. lemon
• what are the symptoms of scurvy?

  swollen, bleeding gums

  skin bruises easily
• what is scurvy?


  lack of vitamin c