Coastal management & Sustainability: managements

• What is the main goal of coastal management?

  Balance social, economic, and environmental needs
• Why must coastal management strategies minimize environmental impact?

  To protect ecosystems while managing coastal areas
• What is the significance of actions taken at one coastal location?

  They should minimize negative impacts elsewhere
• What do Shoreline Management Plans (SMPs) aim to guide?

  Sustainable coastal management into the twenty-second century
• What are the three key factors considered in SMPs?

  Cost-benefit analysis, EIA, technical feasibility
• What does Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) evaluate in coastal management?

  • Benefits of protecting land and infrastructure
  • Costs of building and maintaining defences
  • Decision based on whether costs outweigh benefits
• What does an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) evaluate?

  • Short-term impacts of construction
  • Long-term impacts of new sea defences
  • Effects on water movement and quality
  • Changes to local flora and fauna
• What is a sediment cell?

  A self-contained stretch of coastline
• How are sediment cells regarded in terms of sediment transfer?

  They are closed systems for sediment transfer
• How many primary sediment cells are there in England and Wales?

  11 primary sediment cells
• What are the three processes involved in a sediment cell?

  Inputs, transfers, and outputs of sediment
• What are the types of sediment inputs?

  • Cliff erosion
  • Onshore currents
  • River transport
  • Wind-blown sediment
  • Marine organisms
• What are the types of sediment transfers?

  • Longshore drift
  • Swash
  • Backwash
  • Tidal currents
  • Sea/ocean currents
• What are the types of sediment outputs?

  • Backshore landforms (e.g., sand dunes)
  • Foreshore landforms (e.g., beaches)
  • Nearshore landforms (e.g., bars)
  • Offshore landforms (e.g., barrier islands)
• What does dynamic equilibrium in sediment cells refer to?

  Balance of sediment inputs and outputs
• How can coastal management in the source region affect sediment supply?

  It may reduce sediment supply to sinks
• What is Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)?

  • Manages entire littoral zone
  • Recognizes importance to livelihoods
  • Ensures sustainable management practices
• What is the purpose of Shoreline Management Plans (SMPs) in the UK?

  To set strategies for coastal management
• What are the four alternative options in SMPs for coastal management?

  Do Nothing, Hold the Line, Advance the Line, Managed Retreat
• Why is the 'no active intervention' policy used in Happisburgh?

  To avoid impacting wider coastal management
• What is the estimated cost of building coastal defences at Happisburgh?

  Approximately £6 million
• What are the costs associated with erosion in Happisburgh?

  • Relocation costs for residents
  • Loss of Grade 1 and 2 listed buildings
  • Social costs from village degradation
• What are the benefits of erosion in Happisburgh?

  • Houses saved from erosion
  • Farmland preserved
  • Employment at the Manor Caravan Park
• How is Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) used in coastal management?

  To evaluate economic justification for defences
• What does an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) identify?

  Short-term and long-term environmental impacts
• What are the key assessments included in an EIA?

  • Water movement and sediment flow
  • Water quality impacts
  • Changes to local flora and fauna
  • Wider environmental impacts