Save
Biology
module 5
excretion
Save
Share
Learn
Content
Leaderboard
Share
Learn
Created by
ruman ✩。🪽
Visit profile
Cards (60)
Why is excretion important for the body?
It maintains
metabolism
View source
What is excretion?
Removal of excess
toxic
waste
products
View source
Name examples of excretory organs.
Lungs
,
kidney
,
liver
,
and
skin
View source
What is metabolic waste made of?
Carbon
dioxide
,
nitrogenous
waste
,
urea
, water, salts,
ammonia
View source
What do mammals produce as metabolic waste?
Urea
View source
What do fish and birds/insects produce as metabolic waste?
Fish produce
ammonia
; birds/insects produce
uric acid
View source
What are bile pigments?
Breakdown of
hemoglobin
from old
red blood cells
View source
What is urea made of?
Undigested
food and fiber
View source
How does the skin act as an excretory organ?
Sweat contains salts, urea, water, uric acid, and ammonia
View source
What happens if metabolic waste products build up in the body?
Build-up of
CO2
and
NH3
is toxic
View source
What is the role of the liver?
Breakdown of
unwanted
substances and production of waste
View source
What are hepatocytes?
Liver
cells
View source
What do hepatocytes contain?
Nuclei
,
Golgi apparatus
, folded membrane, and
mitochondria
View source
What is the difference between the hepatic artery and hepatic vein?
Hepatic artery carries
oxygenated
blood; hepatic vein carries
deoxygenated
blood
View source
Describe the internal structure of the liver.
Hepatocytes
,
lobes
,
lobules
,
sinusoids
,
hepatic vein
,
Kupffer cells
,
bile canaliculi
View source
What is the function of bile canaliculi?
Where
bile
is produced and
secreted
View source
Why might blood in the hepatic portal vein contain toxins?
Blood from the intestine contains toxins after digestion of
alcohol
View source
What are the functions of the liver?
Storage of
glycogen
,
detoxification
, formation of
urea
View source
Explain the role of the liver in storing glycogen.
Hepatocytes
convert glucose into glycogen
View source
Explain how detoxification works on hydrogen peroxide in the liver.
Catalase
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water
View source
What happens when too much alcohol is taken?
Cirrhosis
occurs
View source
Explain how detoxification works on alcohol.
Ethanol
is broken down into
ethanal
and then
acetic acid
View source
What does NAD do?
Breakdown fatty acids used in
respiration
View source
What happens if NAD is used up?
Breakdown of
fatty acids
is no longer possible
View source
Describe amino acids in the liver.
Excess amino acids are
excreted
via deamination
View source
What is deamination?
Removal of an
amino group
from the
amino acid
View source
Describe ammonia in the liver.
Ammonia is converted into
urea
, which is less toxic
View source
What are the products of deamination?
Ammonia
and
keto acid
View source
What is the function of Kupffer cells?
Remove bacteria and break down old
RBCs
View source
What is the function of the hepatic portal vein?
Brings
digestion
products from the intestine to the liver
View source
What are the kidney tubules called?
Nephron
View source
What does the nephron consist of?
Bowman's capsule
,
glomerulus
, tubules, loop of
Henle
, collecting duct
View source
What does the filter barrier consist of?
Endothelial
and
epithelial cells
,
basement membrane
View source
What is the function of Bowman's capsule?
Contains the
glomerulus
and where
ultrafiltration
occurs
View source
What is the function of the glomerulus?
Knot of
capillaries
where pressure forces solutes into
Bowman's capsule
View source
What is the function of endothelial cells of the filter barrier?
Gaps allow
dissolved substances
to pass through
View source
What is the function of the basement membrane of the filter barrier?
Prevents
large molecules
and proteins from entering
View source
What is the function of epithelial cells of the filter barrier?
Podocytes
with gaps to let blood pass through
View source
What is ADH?
A
hormone
that controls water and salt
View source
What is ultrafiltration?
Filtration of blood from
glomerulus
into
Bowman's capsule
View source
See all 60 cards