Vaccines/ antibiotics/ painkillers

• A vaccine is an injection containing a dead or weakened pathogen
• What happens once you’ve had your vaccine?

  1.White blood cells(lymphocytes) recognise the pathogen

  2.lymphocytes produce antibodies

  3. Now if the real pathogen enters our body, it is read to make more antibodies to prevent us from getting ill

  4. We are now immune to that particular disease
• Antibodies cause the pathogens to clump together, so the phagocyte can engulf it and destroy it with enzymes
• the Role of antibodies is to attack complimentary antigens
• what happens when we get a vaccination?

  Dead or inacttive pathogens called a vaccine is injected into our body

  Lymphocytes make complimentary antibodies to the injected pathogens

  The antibodies attack and kill the injected pathogen

  The white blood cells reproduce to make memory cells

  If you get infected with the pathogen the memory cells reproduce and make antibodies very quickly

  So you do not even get ill if the pathogen meters your body again- you’re immune
• What is herd immunity?

  a form of indirect protection from infectious that occurs when a large percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, therefore providing a measure of protection for individuals who are not immune
• If most of the people are vaccinated around you, because of herd immunity you won’t catch the infection ( it protects you)
• What’s the difference between antibiotics and painkillers?

  antibiotics kill the pathogens to get rid of pain

  Painkillers mask the pain and don’t actually kill the pathogens
• Problems with antibiotics?


  They cannot kill viral pathogens
• What is antibiotic resistance?

  The ability of bacteria to resist the effects of antibiotics.
• How can we reduce the problem of antibiotic resistance?

  Cut down the amount of prescription given out

  Alternate using different types of antibiotics

  Advise patients to always finish the course

  Maintain high standards of cleanliness in hospitals