Kidney 2

• What happens when the afferent arteriole is larger?

  More blood flows into the efferent arteriole
• How does the size of the afferent arteriole affect blood pressure in the glomerulus?

  Larger afferent arteriole increases glomerular pressure
• What adaptations does the nephron have for reabsorption?

  • Large surface area of contact with capillaries
  • Microvilli on cell membranes of first convoluted tubule
  • Many mitochondria in cells with protein pumps
• Where does filtration occur in the nephron?

  In the glomerulus
• Where does reabsorption of water occur in the nephron?

  In the loop of Henle and collecting duct
• Where is glucose reabsorbed in the nephron?

  In the proximal tubule
• Where are minerals reabsorbed in the nephron?

  In the proximal tubule and ascending limb
• What hormone controls the kidneys?

  Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
• Where is ADH produced?

  By the pituitary gland
• What does ADH respond to in the blood?

  Changes in water concentration
• What happens if water concentration falls too low?

  More ADH is produced, reabsorbing more water
• What is the result of increased ADH production?

  A small volume of concentrated urine is produced
• What happens if the water concentration of the blood rises too high?

  Less ADH is produced
• What is the effect of less ADH on urine production?

  A large volume of very dilute urine is produced
• How does the collecting duct's permeability affect water absorption?

  If permeable, water is absorbed by osmosis
• What happens when there is plenty of water in the blood?

  The pituitary gland stops releasing ADH