examples

• black sigatoka

  'black leaf streak'

  fungus that affects banana plants - turns leaves black

  transmitted via spores in the wind or direct contact

  bananas are important for economy in certain areas - 100mil tonnes/year consumed

  resistant strain of bananas is in development
• blite

  fungi like protoctist

  infects tomatoes and potatoes - destroys leaves, tubers and fruit

  spore like structures spread via wind and direct contact
• ring rot

  bacteria

  affects potatoes, tomatoes and aubergines

  spread by direct contact, infected water and contaminated equipment
• TMV

  virus

  tobacco, tomato, peppers and more

  spread by damaged tissue via direct contact
• what are some plant defences

  bark - contains lignin making it tough to chew

  waxy cuticles (waxy cuticle can thicken)

  cell wall (can get stronger)

  thorns

  trichomes (histamines)

  raphids - minute hairs that cause damage in the mouth

  nastic response

  insecticides

  cell suicide