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Biology
unit 5 Bio
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Created by
Noah Carroll
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Cards (202)
What is essential for life according to the study material?
Continuous transfers of
energy
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What is absorbed by chlorophyll during photosynthesis?
Light
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What is linked to the production of ATP in respiration?
Hydrolysis
of respiratory
substrates
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How is ATP produced in both respiration and photosynthesis?
Protons diffuse through
ATP synthase
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What do photosynthesis and respiration provide evidence for?
Evolution
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What organisms consume biological molecules produced by photosynthesis?
Animals
,
bacteria
, and
fungi
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Are photosynthesis and respiration 100% efficient?
No
,
they are not
100% efficient
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What topics will Unit 5 cover?
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Energy
and
ecosystems
Nutrient cycles
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What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide
+ Water →
Glucose
+
Oxygen
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What surrounds each chloroplast?
A
double-membrane envelope
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What is the outer membrane of chloroplasts permeable to?
A range of
ions
and
small molecules
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What is contained in the stroma of chloroplasts?
CO2, sugars,
enzymes
, and other molecules
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What are thylakoids in chloroplasts?
Flattened
fluid-filled
sacs
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What do thylakoid membranes contain?
Pigments
,
enzymes
, and electron carriers
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What are grana in chloroplasts?
Stacks of
thylakoids
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What connects the grana in chloroplasts?
Membranous channels called
stroma lamellae
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Why is the membrane system of chloroplasts important?
It provides a large surface area for
light absorption
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What are light-harvesting clusters in chloroplasts called?
Photosystems
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What is the purpose of chromatography in plant studies?
Investigate
pigments from leaves
Compare
shade-tolerant
and
intolerant
plants
Analyze leaves of different colors
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How are pigment molecules arranged in a photosystem?
In funnel-like
structures
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What does the stroma contain?
70S ribosomes
, DNA, and
starch grains
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What does the loop of DNA in the stroma code for?
Some
chloroplast proteins
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What is the role of ATP in photosynthesis?
It transfers
electrons
to CO2 to synthesize glucose
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What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate
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How is ATP synthesized?
By a
condensation reaction
between
ADP
and
Pi
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What catalyzes the synthesis of ATP?
ATP synthase
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What is phosphorylation?
Adding phosphate to a
molecule
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What are redox reactions?
Reactions involving
oxidation
and
reduction
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What happens during photolysis of water?
Water is broken into
O
,
H+
, and
e-
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What is photophosphorylation?
Production of
ATP
in the presence of light
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What is NADP+?
A
coenzyme
that accepts electrons
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What is the role of NADP reductase?
Catalyzes transfer of electrons to
NADP+
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What is the difference between cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation?
Cyclic returns electrons to
chlorophyll
, non-cyclic does not
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What initiates photoionization?
Absorption of light energy by
PS
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What happens during the Calvin cycle's first phase?
CO2
reacts with
RuBP
to form
GP
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What is required to reduce GP to TP?
ATP
and
reduced NADP
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How many TP molecules are needed to synthesize a hexose sugar?
Two
TP molecules
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What is the starting point for making all organic substances in plants?
The
Calvin cycle
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What are some organic substances made from TP and GP?
Carbohydrates
,
lipids
, and
proteins
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What is the role of Rubisco in photosynthesis?
Catalyzes the reaction between
CO2
and
RuBP
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