control of blood glucose

• • blood glucose is controlled by pancreas
• • eating carbohydrates puts glucose into blood from gut
• • glucose is removed from blood by normal metabolism of cells
  • glucose is removed from blood through vigorous exercise
• • excess glucose is stored as glycogen in liver and muscles
• low glucose:

  • glucagon secreted by pancreas
  • glucagon causes liver to turn glycogen into glucose
  • glucose released into blood by liver
  • blood glucose level increased
• high glucose:

  • insulin secreted by pancreas
  • insulin causes liver to turn glucose into glycogen
  • glucose moves from blood into liver and muscles by active transport
• • type 1 diabetes is when pancreas does not produce enough insulin
  • so, blood has high, uncontrolled glucose levels
  • insulin therapy is used
  • insulin injected into body mainly at meal times
  • makes sure glucose removed from blood quickly after food has been digested
  • effective - precise amount of insulin dependent on person
• • type 2 diabetes is when body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by pancreas
  • causes blood to have high glucose levels
  • obesity is risk factor
  • contorlled by carbohydrate controlled diet and exercise regime