Any variable other then the independent variable that may affect the dependent variable if it is not controlled.
What are confounding variables?
Varies systematically with the IV. Therefore we can’t tell if any change in the DV is due to the IV or the confounding variable.
What are demand characteristic?
Any cue from the researcher or from the research situation that may be interpreted by participants as revealing the purpose of the investigation. This may lead to a participant changing their behaviour within the research situation.
What are investigator effects?
Any effect of the investigator’s behaviour (conscious or unconscious) on the research outcome (the DV). This may include everything from the design of the study to the selection of, and interaction with, participants during the research process
What is randomisation?
The use of chance methods to control for the effects of bias when designing materials and deciding the order of experimental conditions
What is standardisation?
Using exactly the same formalised procedures and instructions for all participants in a research study
