AO3

• Who conducted the research on proactive interference in 1972?

  Wickens
• What procedure did Wickens use in his 1972 study?

  Same as Peterson and Peterson's duration experiment
• What type of stimuli did Wickens use in the first three trials?

  Letter based
• What was the result of the fourth trial in Wickens' study?

  Almost 100% recall
• Why did Wickens believe the fourth trial was easier to remember?

  It used numbers instead of letters
• What does the decline in performance in trials 1-3 indicate?

  Evidence of interference
• What is a criticism of interference research according to the study?

  It is often artificial and lacks realism
• What type of tasks are often used in interference research?

  Artificial laboratory tasks
• Why can ecological validity be questioned in interference research?

  Tasks lack relevance to everyday situations
• Which study provided evidence of interference effects in everyday situations?

  Baddeley and Hitch's rugby study
• What did Baddeley and Hitch (1977) investigate?

  Interference effects in rugby players
• What was found regarding players who played more games?

  They had the poorest recall
• What does the finding about rugby players support?

  The idea of retroactive interference
• What practical application does interference theory have?

  Helps avoid forgetting in education
• What did Chandler (1989) find about students studying similar subjects?

  They often experience interference
• Why should students avoid revising similar subjects together?

  One subject can interfere with recall of another
• What are the implications of interference theory for students' study habits?

  • Avoid studying similar subjects together
  • Plan revision effectively
  • Reduce confusion and improve recall
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of interference research?

  Strengths:

  • Provides insights into memory processes
  • Practical applications in education

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Often artificial and lacks ecological validity
  • Tasks may not reflect real-life situations