Respiratory system

• What is the primary function of the respiratory tract?

  Breathing
• What is the trachea made of?

  Cartilage
• What role does ciliated epithelium play in the respiratory system?

  It removes mucus particles and dust
• Where does air go after inhalation?

  To the alveoli
• What happens at the end of the bronchioles?

  They lead to tiny air sacs called alveoli
• Why are alveoli important for the lungs?

  They increase the surface area for gas exchange
• What is the function of the mucus in the alveoli?

  To keep them moist
• How is gas exchange facilitated in the alveoli?

  Through a rich supply of capillaries
• What are the larger branches of the respiratory system called?

  Bronchi
• What is the nasal cavity lined with?

  Hairs and mucus membrane
• What does the nasal cavity do to the air entering the body?

  Warms, moisturizes, and filters it
• What is the order of air passage in the respiratory system?

  Pharynx → larynx → trachea
• What does the epiglottis do during swallowing?

  Covers the trachea
• What is the difference between external and internal respiration?

  External is gas exchange with air; internal is with cells
• What is cellular respiration?

  Oxygen reacts with glucose to produce ATP
• What does the upper respiratory tract include?

  Everything above the lungs
• What does the lower respiratory tract include?

  Everything below the lungs and trachea
• What is the function of pleural fluid?

  Provides lubricant for movement
• What happens during inhalation?

  Diaphragm contracts and moves down
• What happens during exhalation?

  Diaphragm relaxes and moves up
• What occurs to the ribs during inspiration?

  They move upward and outward
• What is the role of external intercostal muscles?

  Responsible for inspiration
• What do internal intercostal muscles do?

  Responsible for expiration
• What controls the breathing rate?

  Neural controls
• What is the role of the medulla oblongata?

  It is the breathing center
• How do chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata respond?

  To rising carbon dioxide levels
• What do carotid bodies respond to?

  Rising carbon dioxide and lowered oxygen levels
• What do aortic bodies respond to?

  Rising carbon dioxide and lowered oxygen levels
• What happens if oxygen levels are too low?

  It helps start the inhalation rate
• What is the primary mechanism that triggers inhalation?

  Medulla oblongata detecting carbon dioxide levels