States of Matter

• The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas
• Melting and freezing take place at the melting point
• Boiling and condensing take place at the boiling point
• The three states of matter can be represented by a simple model where particles are represented by small solid spheres

  
• The three states of matter can be represented by a simple model where particles are represented by small solid spheres

  A) Solid

  B) Liquid

  C) Gas

  
• The amount of energy needed to change state from solid to liquid and from liquid to gas depends on the strength of the forces between the particles of the substance
• The nature of the particles involved depends on the type of bonding and the structure of the substance
• The stronger the forces between the particles the higher the melting and boiling point of the substance
• Limitations of the simple model include that in the model there are no forces, that all particles are represented as spheres and that the spheres are solid
• Particle theory is limited as atoms, ions and molecules are represented by solid inelastic spheres with no forces between them
• (aq) - aqueous solution
• (s) - solid
• (l) - liquid
• (g) - gas