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• What is the study of artificial intelligence focused on?

  Modelling intelligence using computer systems
• What is the aim of artificial intelligence?

  To create intelligent machines that think like humans
• Name one application of artificial intelligence.

  Speech recognition
• Who proposed the Turing Test?

  Alan Turing
• What does the Turing Test determine?

  If a machine's behavior mimics human responses
• How is the Turing Test conducted?

  A player asks questions to a human and a machine
• What happens if the player cannot distinguish between the human and machine?

  The machine is classified as 'intelligent'
• What is a criticism of the Turing Test?

  It does not assess the correctness of responses
• What type of reasoning can humans use that machines cannot, according to the Turing Test critique?

  Common sense reasoning
• What is a neural network modeled after?

  The human brain
• What are the components of a neural network?

  Nodes linked by connections
• What do nodes in a neural network do?

  Calculate the weighted sum of inputs
• What is backward propagation in neural networks?

  A method for adjusting weights based on output
• What is the purpose of the knowledge base in an expert system?

  To store facts and rules from experts
• What type of knowledge does an expert system primarily use?

  Factual and heuristic knowledge
• What is heuristic knowledge?

  Rules derived from experience and judgment
• What does the inference engine do in an expert system?

  Interrogates the knowledge base and draws conclusions
• What is a user interface in an expert system?

  A means for users to interact with the system
• What is a command line interface?

  A text-based interface with preset commands
• What is WIMP in user interfaces?

  Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer
• How does an expert system provide answers to users?

  By processing requests through the inference engine
• What is the purpose of an expert system shell?

  To create and configure expert systems easily
• What is fuzzy logic used for?

  To make decisions with incomplete data
• Who are knowledge engineers?

  Technical experts who structure knowledge
• What is a potential ethical dilemma of automated decision-making?

  Bias in AI algorithms leading to discrimination
• Why did Amazon shut down its AI recruiting tool?

  It penalized women in hiring decisions
• What is one advantage of using expert systems in medicine?

  They provide accurate and consistent diagnoses
• What is a disadvantage of expert systems?

  They cannot use intuition like humans
• How is the knowledge base created in a medical expert system?

  By interviewing medical staff and reviewing materials
• What is the role of an expert system in car engine diagnosis?

  To diagnose faults using expert knowledge
• What is a benefit of using an expert system for car diagnostics?

  It can provide consistent and accurate diagnoses
• What is a disadvantage of relying on expert systems?

  Human expert knowledge may be devalued
• What is the purpose of the knowledge base in an expert system?

  To store facts and rules from experts
• What is the role of the inference engine in an expert system?

  To draw conclusions from the knowledge base
• What is the significance of heuristics in expert systems?

  They provide rules based on human experience
• How does fuzzy logic differ from traditional logic?

  It uses degrees of truth instead of binary values
• What is the main function of knowledge engineers?

  To structure and validate knowledge for systems
• What is a potential ethical issue with AI systems?

  Bias in algorithms affecting fairness
• Why is it important to minimize biases in AI systems?

  To ensure fair decision-making for all groups
• What is one advantage of expert systems in medical contexts?

  They reflect knowledge of many medical experts