Alexander II reforms

• What was established in the local government reforms of 1864?

  The local government - zemstvo - was made
• What was the role of the election board in the local government reforms?

  It governed the local area for three years
• How did the local government reforms affect the nobility's power?

  Nobles had more power than common people
• What were the responsibilities of the zemstvo in local governance?

  They raised funds for health and schools
• What judicial reforms were introduced in 1864?

  Criminal and civil courts were made
• How did the new judicial system affect judges' power?

  Judges had more power and equality than before
• What was the impact of judicial reforms on education for women?

  Women could attend primary schools and universities
• What was the purpose of the education reforms from 1863-1864?

  To increase the number of primary schools
• What military reform was introduced between 1861 and 1874?

  Universal conscription was produced
• What modern equipment was introduced in military reforms?

  Modern rifles were introduced
• How did the nobility react to the military reforms?

  Nobles rejected the military reforms
• What was the role of censorship in the reforms?

  The government could easily shut down publications
• How did censorship affect the strength of the government?

  Censorship strengthened the government's control
• What were the positives and negatives of Alexander II's wider reforms?

  Positives:

  • Increased local governance through zemstvo
  • Improved judicial independence and equality
  • Expanded educational opportunities for women

  
  

  Negatives:

  • Nobility retained significant power
  • Resistance to military reforms from nobles
  • Censorship limited freedom of expression
• Did Alexander II's reforms strengthen or weaken autocracy?

  • Strengthened autocracy through censorship
  • Weakened autocracy by increasing local governance
  • Strengthened autocracy by maintaining noble influence