Alexander II opposition

• What intensified after the events of 2001-02 regarding opposition to the Tsar?

  Demands for change of various natures
• What types of opposition emerged under Alexander?

  • Moderate Liberal opposition
  • Radical opposition
  • Populism
• Who was an outspoken critic of the Tsar during this period?

  Herzen
• What did Herzen believe could be avoided?

  Avoiding a revolution altogether
• What system did Herzen propose based on?

  Peasant communes
• Who is associated with the idea of socialism based on peasant communes?

  Peter Lavrov
• What did Chernyshevsky write about?

  Marxism and class consciousness
• How did Chernyshevsky attempt to educate peasants?

  By raising their class consciousness
• What was the outcome of the opposition to the Tsar under Alexander?

  Intensified demands for social change
• What did the opposition to the Tsar include?

  Demands for freedom and self-governance
• What was the significance of the year 2001-02 in the context of opposition?

  It marked a period of intensified demands
• How did the opposition under Alexander reflect broader social changes?

  It indicated a shift towards socialism and reform