Genetics

• Who is known as the father of modern genetics?

  Gregor Mendel
• What were Gregor Mendel's professions?

  Biologist, meteorologist, mathematician
• What is the role of chromosomes in cells?

  They hold the blueprint of identity
• How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

  23 pairs
• What are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes called?

  Autosomes
• What do the 23rd pair of chromosomes determine?

  The sex of the offspring
• What is a gene?

  A section in the chromosome for one trait
• What is an allele?

  Different forms of a gene
• What does homozygous mean?

  Both alleles are identical
• What does heterozygous mean?

  Both alleles are different
• What is a genotype?

  Alleles that control the phenotype
• What is a phenotype?

  A trait that is expressed
• What are probability charts used for?

  To determine genotype probabilities
• How are dominant and recessive alleles represented?

  Uppercase for dominant, lowercase for recessive
• What is a Punnett Square used for?

  To predict offspring genotypes and phenotypes
• What is a pedigree?

  A diagram showing genetic relationships
• When do chromosomes become more evident under a microscope?

  When the cell is divided
• What is incomplete dominance?

  Offspring's phenotype is a combination of parents' phenotypes
• What is codominance?

  Both alleles can be observed in offspring's phenotype
• What blood types can humans have?

  A, B, AB, and O
• What is polygenic inheritance?

  Multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait