Social development in adolescence

• Who proposed the idea of adolescence as a crisis?

  Stanley Hall
• What does "storm and stress" refer to in adolescence?

  Conflict, maladjustment, and tension
• How does the social environment affect teenage experiences?

  It shapes the range of experiences
• What does the research by Merikangas et al. (2010) suggest about psychological disturbance in adolescents?

  It rises only slightly from childhood
• What do most adolescents report about their happiness?

  They are generally happy
• What are the multiple transformations during adolescence?

  • Physical changes
  • Cognitive development
  • Socioemotional shifts
• What defines a friendship according to the study material?

  Interactions between two known individuals
• How is relationship closeness determined?

  By frequency and strength of influence
• What is the base of friendship?

  Reciprocal affection
• How do friendships contribute to psychological health?

  They provide opportunities for self-exploration
• What role does self-disclosure play in friendships?

  It precedes self-disclosure to partners
• How do supportive friendships affect adolescents?

  They promote empathy and psychological well-being
• What can co-rumination in friendships lead to?

  Increased anxiety and depression
• What is a potential negative outcome of mixing with the wrong crowd?

  Engagement in anti-social behavior
• What is defined as antisocial behavior?

  Behavior against established social rules
• What percentage of arrests for violent crimes do adolescents in the US account for?

  15%
• At what age do arrest rates for violent crimes peak?

  17 years
• What happens to antisocial behavior from adolescence to early adulthood?

  It declines significantly
• What are the three etiological hypotheses for antisocial behavior?

  Maturity gap, social mimicry, reinforcement
• What are the types of antisocial behavior according to Moffitt?

  • Early onset: predisposition towards aggressiveness
  • Late onset: minor criminal acts influenced by peers
• What factors contribute to early onset antisocial behavior?

  Harsh parenting and peer rejection
• How does late onset antisocial behavior differ from early onset?

  It involves minor acts, not consistently antisocial
• What brain systems reach maturity during adolescence?

  Reward systems
• What role do peers play in antisocial behavior?

  They influence the likelihood of such behavior
• How has growing up in the digital age affected friendships?

  It introduces new dynamics and conflicts
• What is the bioecological perspective on antisocial behavior?

  • It considers the dynamic processes of ASB
  • It integrates biological and environmental factors