2.1 RNA is synthesized from DNA

• What is the process of transferring DNA code to RNA code called?

  Transcription
• Why is transcription necessary in cells?

  To control chemical reactions in the cytoplasm
• Where is DNA located in the cell?

  In the nucleus
• How does RNA control protein synthesis?

  By diffusing into the cytoplasm
• What is used as a template for RNA synthesis?

  One strand of DNA
• What are codons?

  Complementary code triplets in RNA
• What do codons control in protein synthesis?

  The sequence of amino acids
• What sugar is used in RNA instead of deoxyribose?

  Ribose
• What replaces thymine in RNA?

  Uracil
• How many types of nucleotides are used in RNA formation?

  Four
• What are the bases found in RNA nucleotides?

  Adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
• What is the role of RNA polymerase in RNA synthesis?

  To activate RNA nucleotides
• What happens during the activation of RNA nucleotides?

  Two extra phosphate radicals are added
• What is formed when RNA nucleotides are activated?

  Triphosphates
• Where does the energy for RNA nucleotide activation come from?

  From ATP in the cell
• What is the result of the activation process of RNA nucleotides?

  Large quantities of ATP energy are available
• What is the purpose of the energy from activated RNA nucleotides?

  To promote chemical reactions for RNA synthesis