DNA and RNA

• What type of biological macromolecule is DNA?

  A nucleic acid.
• What elements do nucleic acids contain?

  Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
• What are the two types of nucleic acids?

  RNA and DNA.
• What are the monomers that make up nucleic acids?

  Nucleotides.
• What are the three components of a nucleotide?

  A phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
• What sugar is present in DNA?

  Deoxyribose.
• What reaction joins nucleotides together?

  Condensation reaction.
• What is the bond between nucleotides called?

  Phosphodiester bond.
• What are the four bases in DNA?

  Thymine, adenine, guanine, cytosine.
• What is complementary base pairing?

  The specific pairing of bases: A with T and G with C.
• Which bases pair together in DNA?

  Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine.
• What type of bond forms between the bases in DNA?

  Hydrogen bonds.
• What provides stability to the DNA molecule?

  More hydrogen bonds, particularly between cytosine and guanine, provide stability.
• Which base is present in RNA but not in DNA?

  Uracil.
• What base does uracil replace in RNA?

  Thymine
• What sugar is present in RNA?

  Ribose.
• How is the nucleotide strand of RNA different from DNA?

  RNA is a single strand, while DNA is double-stranded.
• What are the two types of RNA?

  Messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA).
• What is the difference between RNA and DNA in terms of structure?

  RNA has a single strand and uses ribose instead of deoxyribose.