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Language and Gender
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Created by
Ellie B
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Cards (33)
What is the
deficit
model in language studies?
It views
women's
language as
inferior.
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What does the deficit approach suggest about non-standard language speakers?
They are
weaker
in language skills.
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What does the deficit approach argue about men's and women's language?
Men's
language is the
standard
and superior.
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Who wrote about women's language in 1922?
Otto Jespersen
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How did Otto Jespersen describe women's language?
As
'lively
chatter'
due to their roles (cooking, looking after children etc.)
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What year did Robin Lakoff publish her views on language and gender?
1975
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What did
Robin Lakoff
believe about language and gender equality?
Language contributes to gender
inequality.
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According to Lakoff, how is
women's language
characterized?
Weaker
and less
certain
.
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What does the
dominance
model focus on?
Power dynamics
in communication.
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What did
Zimmerman and West
find about
men's
listening habits?
Men listen differently and
interrupt
more.
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What year did Zimmerman and West conduct their study?
1976
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What was a
criticism
of
Zimmerman and West's
study?
Small
sample size
and
limited diversity
.
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What did
Beattie's
findings suggest about interruptions?
Interruptions
may
indicate
interest.
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What did Fishman believe about women's conversational roles?
Women work harder but men control conversations.
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What is
Dale Spender's
argument about language?
Language is
androcentric
and reflects
male
dominance.
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What does the
difference
theory focus on?
Socialized
differences in speech styles.
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How do women typically communicate according to the
difference
theory?
Indirectly
and
collaboratively
.
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What is the significance of context in communication?
It
influences
how
people
communicate.
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What does Deborah Cameron mean by
'verbal hygiene'
?
The attempt to ’clean up’ language to fit ‘norms and values’
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What is
Judith Butler's
view on gender?
Gender is
performative
and intertwined with sex.
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What does Judith Butler say about
repeated actions
?
They
reinforce
gender identities and
norms
.
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What does Judith Baxter argue about
women in the workplace
?
They face
barriers
due to
sexist discourses.
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What did
O'barr and Atkins
find in their study?
Language
differences
relate to
power
, not
gender.
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How do gender norms affect men's emotional expression?
They lead to
emotional suppression
.
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What impact do gender norms have on women's self-esteem?
They can lead to feelings of
inadequacy
.
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How do traditional gender roles influence communication patterns?
Women use
collaborative
language; men use
assertive
language.
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What did studies of
children's books
reveal about gender roles?
Female
characters are often
passive
and
dependent.
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What is the goal of education and awareness campaigns regarding gender norms?
To challenge and change
societal
attitudes.
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How do
power dynamics
affect communication?
They dictate interactions based on
gender stereotypes
.
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What forms can dominance take in
communication
?
Interruptions
and
dismissive
behavior.
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Why is it important to discuss gender in power dynamics?
To acknowledge
excluded
gender experiences.
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How can language shape
gendered identities
?
It expresses and reinforces
power dynamics
.
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How can
media language
amplify power
imbalances
?
By
reflecting
societal biases
in portrayal.
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