1Chem

• What does organic chemistry study?

  Hydrocarbons and their derivatives
• What elements are primarily found in organic compounds?

  Carbon and hydrogen
• What are the branches of chemistry mentioned?

  Inorganic, organic, physical, analytical, biochemistry
• What does organic chemistry derive from?

  Living things and their remains
• What is the vital force theory?

  Living organisms are essential for organic compounds
• Who first used the term "organic"?

  Barzelius in 1807
• What did Friedrich Wohler's experiment demonstrate?

  Organic compounds can be produced from inorganic materials
• What did Kolbe synthesize in 1845?

  A derivative of acetic acid
• What did Gmelin note about organic and inorganic compounds?

  Only organic compounds contain carbon
• What did Berthelot synthesize in 1856?

  Methane in the laboratory
• What did Kekule and Couper discover about carbon?

  Carbon has a covalency of 4
• What is catenation in organic chemistry?

  Carbon uniting with itself indefinitely
• Who is known as the father of organic chemistry?

  Friedrich Wohler
• What did Robert Burns Woodward synthesize?

  Complex natural products like quinine
• What role does urea play in fertilizers?

  Increases agricultural yield
• What are some organic compounds used in clothing?

  Silk, wool, cotton, terylene
• What types of medicines are organic compounds?

  Aspirin, streptomycin, chloromycetin
• What are petroleum products?

  Cooking gas, gasoline, diesel, kerosene
• What are some organic compounds used in cosmetics?

  Perfumes, nail polishes, hair oils
• What are some organic compounds used in explosives?

  TNT, nitroglycerin, gun cotton
• What are some organic compounds used as insecticides?

  DDT, malathion, BHC
• What are some disinfectants that are organic compounds?

  Phenol, Dettol, Lysol
• What are some sources of organic compounds from plants?

  Sugar, starch, cellulose, proteins
• What are some sources of organic compounds from animals?

  Urea, proteins, vitamins, enzymes
• What is coal tar used for?

  Yields compounds like benzene and dyes
• What is the chemical symbol for carbon?

  C
• What is the atomic number of carbon?

  6
• How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?

  Up to four
• What are the isotopes of carbon mentioned?

  Carbon-12, Carbon-13, Carbon-14
• What is the half-life of Carbon-14?

  About 5,730 years
• What are allotropes of carbon?

  Different forms with different physical properties
• What are the two allotropes of carbon mentioned?

  Graphite and diamond
• What is unique about carbon's electronic arrangement?

  It can form chains and rings of density
• What are the major sources of organic compounds?

  Natural gas and petroleum
• What is fermentation?

  Slow chemical decomposition with enzymes
• What are some organic compounds obtained from wood?

  Ethyl alcohol and acetone
• What are the exemptions for organic compounds?

  Oxides of carbon and carbonates
• What is the atomic orbital?

  Region where an electron is likely found
• What is the shape of the S orbital?

  Spherical shape
• How many electrons can the P orbital hold?

  Up to six electrons